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Identifying Students Impacted by Trauma in Grades K-3 in an Urban Educational Setting 

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Identifying Students Impacted by Trauma in Grades K-3 in an Urban Educational Setting 

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by Byron Wiley
EDUC 815-912

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The increase in the manifestation of trauma related behavioral issues among elementary students in the school setting has created a greater need for schools to develop methods to accurately identify students who are being impacted by complex trauma, particularly at the elementary level. Successful early intervention for trauma students begins with an accurate identification of trauma symptoms.

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There is a growing need for schools to be able to provide efficient and effective supports for students impacted by trauma. Accurate assessment of students who have been affected by complex trauma is a primary factor in the successful implementation of trauma interventions and supports for all school systems. Without accuracy, students will not receive the appropriate types of interventions, and the detrimental effects of trauma will continue to have a highly adverse impact on their school performance as well as the overall school environment.

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Trauma – A deeply distressing or disturbing experience.

Complex Trauma - The term complex trauma describes both children’s exposure to multiple traumatic events, often of an invasive, interpersonal nature, and the wide-ranging, long-term impact of this exposure.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological shock, typically involving disturbance of sleep and constant vivid recall of the experience, with dulled responses to others and to the outside world

Trauma-Informed Screening and Assessment - A brief, focused inquiry to determine whether an individual has experienced specific traumatic events.

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This research examines the most accurate methods for identifying K-3 students in an urban educational setting who have been affected by trauma. The research also examines the current instruments used to assess children impacted by trauma, and their appropriateness for use in an urban educational setting.

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1. What is the most effective process for identifying students in grades K-3 that have been impacted by trauma?

2. What instruments are available for use with elementary students in grades K-3?

3. What are the most effective instruments used when screening for trauma in children who are in grades K-3?

4. Are the current instruments used for trauma screening appropriate for use in an urban educational setting?

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The prevalence of trauma and its negative effects on student achievement is a primary issue in the field of education today. Students who attend school in high poverty areas are particularly susceptible to these negative impacts on development and achievement. Today’s Schools must develop early intervention systems that address this growing need, particularly with students who are in grades K-3.

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Trauma – A deeply distressing or disturbing experience.

Complex Trauma - The term complex trauma describes both children’s exposure to multiple traumatic events, often of an invasive, interpersonal nature, and the wide-ranging, long-term impact of this exposure.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological shock, typically involving disturbance of sleep and constant vivid recall of the experience, with dulled responses to others and to the outside world

Trauma-Informed Screening and Assessment - A brief, focused inquiry to determine whether an individual has experienced specific traumatic events.

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Future Direction of the Research (Click to Enlarge)

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Future Direction of the Research (Click to Enlarge)

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Literature Review Map (Click to Enlarge)

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Literature Review Map (Click to Enlarge)

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There are many great sources of literature that investigate both the negative effects of trauma on children and adults, as well as current processes used for screening and assessment. There is a notable gap in the literature that focuses on the effects of trauma and complex trauma with students in grades K-3. Much of the literature focuses on the effects of trauma with older children and adults. Additionally, much of the research on trauma has been completed within the field of psychology and counseling, and not examined within the context of education and the school setting .