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Introducing high milk-producing cows to bulls does not impact the estrous cycle. This could possibly be because of the relaxed selection of artificial insemination or the high demands of milk production.

"Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior"

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Some heat synchronization treatments include a prostaglandin injection,  progesterone implant, such as a CIDR device, as well as using an intravaginal progesterone implant for 7 days with a dose of GnRH at the start. A prostaglandin injection is used at the removal of the device and a second GnRH dose 2 days after removal.

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Heifers, after first reaching sexual maturity, have periods of 'silent ovulation' where they will not represent any sexual behaviors. Mature females exhibit much stronger mating behaviors such as vocalization, male seeking, and multiple other sexual behaviors.

"Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior"

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She is restless and seems to be looking for her unborn calf, may wander away.

Urinates a small amount and sniffs the air.

Wild expression in her eyes, actively flicks her ears

She licks and mounts other cows and lets other cows mount her.

Swollen vulva, mucus sometimes hanging from it. Tail Her vulva is swollen and mucous sometimes hangs from it. The tail hangs next to the vulva and is slightly lifted

"Farm Weekly, Elsenburg infopak by TS Brand, B Aucamp, J Botha and A Kruger"

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When a cow is in heat and is about to ride or has just ridden another, she will rest her chin on the pin bones of another cow.

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During estrus a females' tail will be slightly lifted away from her vulva as shown here. Also the blue markings on the cows are a form of a heat detection system.

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This is a study of motion and imagery methods in detecting mating and estrus behaviors in dairy cattle.

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The Milner Library proxy server will allow authorized individuals to use the indexes and databases when connecting through a computer off-campus.

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This journal is a study of 6 estrus related behavior patterns and vocalization rates in female dairy cattle and how vocalization could indicate reproductive status.

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The Milner Library proxy server will allow authorized individuals to use the indexes and databases when connecting through a computer off-campus.

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This video shows the multiple signs and actions of estrus in female cattle as well as mating behaviors.

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During estrus females will mount other females which is a common mating behavior.