# data[].attributes.headline
A society in which the king and  queen were the rulers of the society. The peasants were agricultural workers with little education. Ran by monarchs.

# data[].attributes.subject
A society in which the king and  queen were the rulers of the society. The peasants were agricultural workers with little education. Ran by monarchs.

# data[].attributes.body
The class system during the Elizabethan Era was broken up into 6 different classes. Theses classes were The Monarch,  Nobility, Gentry, Merchant, Yeomanry, and Laborers. In this class system The Monarch is the highest class and Laborers are the lowest class.

# data[].attributes.body
there was no such thing as paper money, all currency was in the form of coins of silver and gold (elizabethan.org/compendium/6.html)

# data[].attributes.body
the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth. The queen was believed to be God's representation here on Earth.

They also believed that God had formed these social ranks and had showered blessings on each rank. Their Parliament had also regulated the clothes that can only be worn by each rank. For a laborer to wear clothes of the rich was not allowed and considered to be a defiance of the order.

# data[].attributes.body
The nuclear family consisting only of a father, a mother, and their children made up the most common households in England, although very wealthy households sometimes included members of the extended family, such as aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents, and almost always included a large staff of live-in servants.

Among farm laborers and craftspeople, families were viewed as working units. Each member of the family had a task. On a farm, a young boy might be in charge of shooing birds away from the crops, an older boy might herd sheep, and the wife was in charge of maintaining the home, feeding the family, and helping her husband with raising and harvesting the crops. Girls usually were trained by their mothers to help take care of the household. Similarly, families in the cloth industry often worked in their homes and divided up the labor of spinning and weaving the cloth. For working people, it was a time-honored tradition that the son would take on the same career as his father.

There were few single people in Elizabethan England—all were expected to marry. In fact, women who did not marry were regarded with suspicion; some were even called witches. Married women were almost always homemakers, though poor women often had to work for pay as well. Almost all Elizabethans considered women to be inferior to

# data[].attributes.body
Parliament, the English legislative body, passed several poor laws during Elizabeth's reign. The poor laws assigned the responsibility for maintaining the poor to the local church districts, or parishes (England was divided into fifteen thousand parishes). Local officials assessed how much money was needed to support their district's poor and then collected these funds from property owners. Elizabethan poor laws distinguished between the "deserving poor," such as the sick, elderly, and orphans, and the "undeserving poor"—those who were capable of working but chose not to. The undeserving poor were to be punished, while the deserving poor would receive some kind of local support in the form of food, money, clothing, or a stay at the local orphanage or poorhouse, a building maintained by parish funding to house the needy.

To enforce the poor laws, each community needed to be able to keep track of its own poor. Thus, the new laws required that every English citizen have a place that was legally designated as their home. It was nearly impossible for anyone without proof of a permanent job or lots of money to establish a new place of residence. There was little tolerance for vagrants, people who wander from town to town without a home or steady employment. Vagrants were taken into custody, punished with a public whipping, and then returned to their home village.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Elizabethan era was a time mainly focused on those of royalty shadowing those of the middle class and poverty, hygiene was also at an all time low.

# data[].attributes.subject
The Elizabethan era was a time mainly focused on those of royalty shadowing those of the middle class and poverty, hygiene was also at an all time low.

# data[].attributes.body
ic.galegroup.com/.../ReferenceDetailsWindow?...

# data[].attributes.body
At the top of the social classes was the king or queen. They had the most power. In this era, Queen Elizabeth I ruled. Noble families were next, underneath the queen. You were born into nobility unless appointed by the king/queen. The titles of nobles were passed down through families. Queen Elizabeth’s council consisted mostly of nobles. Being a noble often led to debt.

Next was the gentry class. This class included knights, gentlemen, and gentlewomen, as well as anyone who didn’t rely on physical labor to earn a living. The key to becoming a member of the gentry class was wealth; you could not be born into it. This became the most important class in the Elizabethan era. The next class was made up of merchants who realized that cloth and imported goods were growing in demand. Next, the yeomanry, the middle class, was the majority of the people. They earned enough to live comfortably, but if any slight disaster came up, they could soon be found in the laborers class. The laborers class did their jobs with their hands, and the poor people who didn’t own their own land were considered laborers. Under Queen Elizabeth, they began to help fund the poor, which was one of the first governmental welfare programs in the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Elizabethan fashion meant only royalty could wear clothes with certain trims. Also to maintain the class system that they had the poor and upper class had to wear different clothing by law. https://schoolworkhelper.net/elizabethan-era-daily-life-food-education-marriage-family-fashion/

# data[].attributes.body
more wealth for England because of the new land claimed in the new world (www.elizabethan-era.org.uk)

# data[].attributes.body
Religion was very important in education and they taught about Christian beliefs (going back and forth between Catholic and Protestant.)  They also studied 3 different languages - English, sometimes French and Latin. (http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-education.htm and http://www.elizabethan.org/compendium/54.html)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
elizabethan era gender roles - Google Search

# data[].attributes.body
A member of any western christian churches that were separated from the Roman Catholic Church.

# data[].attributes.body
The nobles held great power and frequently lived colorful and extravagant lives, but they made up only about 3 percent of the population. Although the vast majority of the Elizabethan population was quite poor, few firsthand historical records of their daily lives have survived. Members of the lower classes in England were mainly uneducated, so they did not usually keep journals or written records describing their own lives. They could not afford to have their portraits painted nor to preserve their humble homes for future generations. Historians agree, though, that daily life for the majority of Elizabethans had little to do with courtly life, and much to do with working hard to earn a meager living.

# data[].attributes.body
The Queens(the monarks), were the most significant and important class of the time, and the lower class was the lest significant class of them all, they got no schooling, they didn't have nice clothes to wear, and their house and neighborhood was not exactly the best place to be.

# data[].attributes.headline
Daily life during the  Elizabethan era was very different than the life we live today. Their daily life was ruled by the monarchy, specific religions were forced upon them, theater was very common as a cheap form of entertainment (hence romeo and juliet and other shakespear plays), and most jobs were low paying. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-daily-life.htm

# data[].attributes.subject
Daily life during the  Elizabethan era was very different than the life we live today. Their daily life was ruled by the monarchy, specific religions were forced upon them, theater was very common as a cheap form of entertainment (hence romeo and juliet and other shakespear plays), and most jobs were low paying. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-daily-life.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
Horn books were an essential part of early education in England

# data[].attributes.subject
Horn books were an essential part of early education in England

# data[].attributes.headline
failure to adhere to the religion decreed by the monarch would lead to death, imprisonment, and/or torture

# data[].attributes.subject
failure to adhere to the religion decreed by the monarch would lead to death, imprisonment, and/or torture

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/religion-elizabethan-england.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Most people were peasants who worked in fields and lived in rural areas. A few people called lords owned large areas of land the peasants worked on. There was a plague in 1348 that killed lots of people and left the economy unstable. After Elizabeth 1 became Queen, the rate of literacy rose. Few people drank water because it was unsanitary.
(galegroup.com)

# data[].attributes.body
https://theweek.com/articles/442747/3-disgusting-ways-independent-talkative-women-tortured-shamed-shakespeares-englandWomen were punished for talking too much (https://theweek.com/articles/442747/3-disgusting-ways-independent-talkative-women-tortured-shamed-shakespeares-england)

# data[].attributes.headline
Originally, England was ruled by the king and was spiritually led by the Roman Catholic Church. However, during this era, the monarch took over as England's spiritual leader, King Henry the VIII and his son Edward VI (supporting Protestantism). As a result, this led to deep conflict between the Catholics and Protestants. (https://www.hartfordstage.org/stagenotes/hamlet/elizabethan-era)

# data[].attributes.subject
Originally, England was ruled by the king and was spiritually led by the Roman Catholic Church. However, during this era, the monarch took over as England's spiritual leader, King Henry the VIII and his son Edward VI (supporting Protestantism). As a result, this led to deep conflict between the Catholics and Protestants. (https://www.hartfordstage.org/stagenotes/hamlet/elizabethan-era)

# data[].attributes.body
The social classes during romeo and julit time are, The king and upper class, the middle class , and the lowest class.

# data[].attributes.body
Religions were taught in schools that were favored by the King and Queen. If someone were not to follow the favored religion, they were be tortured, prosecuted, or put in prison. If you were not to follow the "right religion" either, it would bring risk to personal wealth, freedom, and life

# data[].attributes.body
The Church of England was created at the begining of the era.

# data[].attributes.body
ლ(ಠ益ಠ)ლ

# data[].attributes.body
Upper Class Elizabethan Women
Elizabethan Women were expected to obey and listen to men. They were dependent on their male relatives to support them. They were used to forge alliances with other powerful families through arranged marriages.
Upper Class Elizabethan Males
Elizabethan males were  designated ownership of the land that the family lived on. Men had the power and authority.

(http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-women.htm

# data[].attributes.body
agricultural changes led to people leaving the country side and moving into town for work opportunity (www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-daily-life.htm)

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.elizabethan.org/compendium/7.h
https://padlet.com/oksana_waggoner/g1nevolwjf23
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/religion-elizabethan-england.htm

# data[].attributes.body
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Elizabethan Education

Elizabethan Life - Elizabethan Education

Elizabethan Education was generally for boys of the Upper and Middle Classes. However, Upper Class girls, often members of the Nobility were also given and education. The following link regarding the Education of Queen Elizabeth describes the type of education offered to the Nobility who were invariably taught by tutors. This page details the type of Education afforded to males during the Elizabethan era.

Elizabethan Education - begins in the home

The basic principles of childhood and education would be started in the home. These basic elements included:

Respecting their mother and father

Asking their parents blessing

Rising early in the morning and saying their prayers

Table Manners - the correct behaviour for eating small morsels, chewing properly , using a knife and using a napkin

Children would also be taught their 'place' in society which included where they should sit at the table

Elizabethan Girls would be taught obedience to the male members of the family. Their education would then generally diverse from the boys to concentrate on housewifely duties and sometimes music and dance

Elizabethan Education - the Petty Schools, also known as Dame Schools
The most elementary level of education was conducted for boys aged between 5 and 7 at what was called a ' Petty School '. These lessons and general education were conducted not in a school but in the house of the teacher. The word ' petty ' probably derives from the French word ' petit ' meaning little or small.

These Petty schools were usually run, for a small fee, by a local, well educated housewife, and were therefore also referred to as ' Dame Schools '. At the ' Petty School ' or ' Dame School ' the boy's education would consist of being taught to read and write English, learn the catechism and also learn lessons in behaviour. These were considered the most important elements of Elizabethan Petty School education and what must be taught during childhood.
Elizabethan Education - the Grammar Schools
The Children of Noble birth were invariably taught by tutors at home but, from the age of 7 to 14, children of a lower standing went to Grammar Schools - the most common institute for Elizabethan education during the Elizabethan period. Many schools were financed by the local Guild.
Elizabethan Education - the Grammar Schools for boys aged 7 to 10
Between the ages of 7 and 10 boys would have spent their early childhood being taught by Ushers, a junior master or senior pupil at the Grammar School. The boys first learnt the rudiments of Latin with the assistance of the Tudor text-book known as Lily's Latin Grammar - using the horn-book and the alphabet as a tool and the basis of Elizabethan education. This short introduction to grammar and education, compiled by William Lily, had been authorised by Henry VIII as the sole Latin grammar textbook to be used in education and schools. In 1558 a child's speller was written in England as spelling consistency gradually emerges. This period of Elizabethan education would have followed a set routine

During the first year of Elizabethan education, aged 7, the curriculum would have consisted of learning parts of speech together with verbs and nouns

The second year of Elizabethan education, aged 8, the boys would be taught the rules of grammar and sentence construction

The third year of Elizabethan education, aged 9, would have concentrated on English-Latin and Latin-English translations

The Ushers often refused to be bothered with the teaching of handwriting and this element of Elizabethan education was often taught by a temporary travelling scrivener for a few weeks during the school year.
Elizabethan Education - the Grammar Schools for boys aged 10 to 14
Between the ages of 10 and 14 boys leave the Ushers to be taught by the Masters in the following lessons.

Latin to English translations

Literature including the works of the great classical authors and dramatists, such as Ovid, Plautus, Horace, Virgil, Cicero and Seneca

Occasionally the study of Greek

Religious education continued

Arithmetic

At 14 the boys would leave Grammar School to attend University
Elizabethan Education - life in the Grammar School
Elizabethan Life at school was quite strict. During summer the school day started at six o'clock in the morning and finished at five o'clock in the evening. There was a two hour break at midday. Because of the dark nights the hours changed during the winter and school started at seven and finished earlier at four o'clock. The school week consisted of a five full days and a half-day on Thursday which continued for between 40 to 44 weeks of the year. This meant that the school boys spent at least 2,000 hours in school - more than double the current school hours. The school boys were expected to converse in Latin at all times in order to improve their spoken fluency in the language and any boy caught speaking English at school was punished. The punishments were fierce and fifty strokes of the cane was not an uncommon occurrence.

Elizabethan Education - a typical week at an Elizabethan Grammar School

Elizabethan education was based on repetition and constant examinations. A typical school week at an Elizabethan Grammar School would cover:

Monday - An examination based on the previous Sunday's sermon

Tuesday to Thursday - the basic curriculum

Friday - Examinations and Punishments

Saturday - study of the catechism and some arithmetic

Elizabethan Education - the importance of learning about Religion at School
The religious education of all children started with the example set by their parents. And this religious education continued at school.

It is important to note that a school's curriculum and the Elizabethan education of children was dictated by the ruling monarch of the time which would, of course, also reflect the religion of that particular King or Queen. Queen Elizabeth's father, King Henry VIII, started life as a devout Catholic and his daughter Mary was brought up in this faith. He then fell in love with Anne Boleyn and in order to divorce Katherine of Aragon he broke his ties with the Catholic Church and the Church of England was established. The new Protestant religion came into favour and his son Edward and younger daughter Elizabeth adhered to these faiths. This resulted in the religion of England careering from the Catholic to Protestant religions according to wishes of the reigning monarch. Elizabethan Education altered accordingly. The catechism was an Elizabethan book detailing the details of the Christian Faith. Children would be expected to learn by heart certain passages at the Elizabethan Petty School which related to being a 'good Christian' as part of their education. An example of this would be "I will renounce the devil".

1509 -1547

King Henry VIII - Catholic then established the Church of England in 1531 adhering to many Protestant doctrines

1547 -1553

His son, King Edward VI, adhered to the Protestant religionEdward died young and was succeeded by his Protestant cousin Lady Jane Grey

1553

Queen Jane only reigned for nine days and was replaced by Edward's sister Mary

1553 -1558

Queen Mary was a staunch Catholic - she obtained the name Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants

1509 -1547

Queen Elizabeth succeeded Mary. She adhered to the Protestant religion but was tolerant to Catholics

These constant changes in the English monarchy and therefore the religion of England had a significant effect on Elizabethan Education
Elizabethan Education - the Horn Book
The Elizabethan Horn book was the most important tool used in the Grammar schools. Reading and Writing skills were learnt from the alphabet detailed on a 'horn-book'. A horn-book was a piece of parchment usually pasted on to a small wooden board with a handle, and covered with a thin plate of transparent horn ( from where the name of horn-book was derived ). This made the horn-book durable and inexpensive and an important item during the ceducation of children. The horn-book displayed the alphabet in both small letters and capital letters. The Lord's Prayer in English was also included on the horn-book together with the mark of the cross, hence the alphabet detailed on the horn-book was known as ' Christcross-row ' or ' chrisscross '.
Elizabethan Education - the Elizabethan Alphabet

The Elizabethan alphabet contained 24 letters, as opposed to the present day alphabet of 26 letters. In the Elizabethan alphabet the letters "u" and "v" were the same letter as were and "i" and "j". The "j" was usually used as the capital form of the "i"in the alphabet. The "u" was used only in the middle of a word, and the "v" was used at the beginning. The other difference with the Elizabethan alphabet was that there was another letter which resembled a "y" which was used to represent the "th" sound. Some words were also spelt with and additional "e" at the end. And finally, numbers were frequently given in lower case Roman numerals, with the last "i" in a number written as a "j". For example, viij May.
Elizabethan Education - University Education

Elizabethan schoolboys normally attended Grammar school until they reached the age of fourteen when they continued their Elizabethan education at a University. Oxford University or Cambridge University werethe most popular choices. A Classical Elizabethan education would have been provided at universities during the Elizabethan era. Teachings from various faculties were available to University students.

The University Faculty of the Arts - The Arts would have included Philosophy, Rhetoric, Poetics, Natural History education etc.

The University Faculty of Liberal Arts would have included Grammar, Logic, Music, Astronomy, Arithmetic and Geometry education

The University Faculty of Theology - religious education

The University Faculty of Medicine including the study of Hippocrates, Galen, Arabic and Jewish medical texts

University Faculty of Law

Elements of the above Classical University Elizabethan education would have taken by the prominent figures in the Elizabethan era. In addition to a University Elizabethan Education the wealthy Upper classes would have also toured the major cities of Europe. Travelling to other countries meant getting permission from the monarch to do so. Therefore it was usually only the nobility were able to travel abroad.
Elizabethan Language Guide - An Elizabethan Online Dictionary
Click the following links to access more information about the old English Elizabethan Language and the Elizabethan Online Dictionary for an easy to follow Elizabethan language guide. The translation and definition of the Elizabethan words and meanings used in the Elizabethan language make the literature of the era, including the works of William Shakespeare much easier to understand.
Elizabethan Online Dictionary Elizabethan Old English Letters
Elizabethan Language
Elizabethan Insults
Additional details, facts and information about Elizabethan old English letters, including language and education can be accessed via the Elizabethan Online Dictionarythe Elizabethan Languagesection and the Elizabethan Insultssection and a comprehensive index of all the subjects covered in this website can be found in the Elizabethan Era Index

Elizabethan Education

Interesting Facts and information about Elizabethan Education in Elizabethan Life

Elizabeth Education in Petty Schools

Elizabeth Education in Grammar Schools

Elizabeth Education in Universities

The importance of English Religion in Elizabeth Education

The Horn Books

The Elizabethan Alphabet

Elizabethan University Education

www.elizabethan-era.org.uk are subject to Copyright Laws - the name of the Website Author is Linda Alchin. The referencing protocol is suggested as follows:

Elizabethan Era - Free Educational Resource. Author Referencing Information
The contents of Alchin, L.K.
Elizabethan Era
e.g. Retrieved May 16 2012 from www.elizabethan-era.org.uk
The content of Elizabethan Era is free but solely for educational purposes. Reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.". We would respectfully direct our visitors to our Elizabethan Era Copyright page and Elizabethan Era Privacy Statement regarding the Terms of Use of this history site, both may be accessed from the links provided at the bottom of this page.

Queen Elizabeth's Coat of Arms

Elizabethan Education

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Visit this site dedicated to providing information about Elizabethan Education.Fast and accurate details and facts about the history of Elizabethan Education.Learn the facts about Elizabethan Education.

# data[].attributes.body
Grammar schools were the most common institute for Elizabethan Education during the Elizabethan Era. Many schools were financed by the local guild

# data[].attributes.body
The economy relied on mainly farming. (galegroup.com)

# data[].attributes.body
The two major religions in the Elizabethan Era was Protestant and Catholic. Tensions arose from England's departure from the Roman Catholic Church

# data[].attributes.body
Boys of the upper and middle classes were usually the only ones to recieve an education, some upper class girls also got educated though it was greatly outweighed by the number of males. Why? I dunno, ask Alex, he's smart.(http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/education-queen-elizabeth-i.htm)

# data[].attributes.body
¯\_(ツ)_/¯

# data[].attributes.body
The sick and elderly relied on religion unlike today the sick and elderly rely on modern medicine.
(galegroup.com)

# data[].attributes.body
horn book

# data[].attributes.headline
Education was mainly for boys in the upper and middle classes.  They went to university at age 14. The rich ate fresh food and vegetables as well as stews, while the poor ate mostly vegetables and dairy products that lacked proper nutrition. https://schoolworkhelper.net/elizabethan-era-daily-life-food-education-marriage-family-fashion/

# data[].attributes.subject
Education was mainly for boys in the upper and middle classes.  They went to university at age 14. The rich ate fresh food and vegetables as well as stews, while the poor ate mostly vegetables and dairy products that lacked proper nutrition. https://schoolworkhelper.net/elizabethan-era-daily-life-food-education-marriage-family-fashion/

# data[].attributes.headline
Queen Elizabeth l was at the apex of the social pyramid, along with the royal family. Merchants were next, then companies, apprentices, and other employments. The poor were at the bottom living off welfare.

# data[].attributes.subject
Queen Elizabeth l was at the apex of the social pyramid, along with the royal family. Merchants were next, then companies, apprentices, and other employments. The poor were at the bottom living off welfare.

# data[].attributes.body
(Sourcehttps://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/the-social-structure-in-elizabethan-england)

# data[].attributes.body
The highest level class was the queen (or the monarchy), which ruled over all the people and was "the most important"
Following the monarchy is the court which consists of the court. These people have caught the eye of the queen (king).
Third came the merchants, which included the mayor.Lastly came everybody else (livery companies, apprentices, and other laborers-peasants, servants, etc)
Sources: https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/the-social-structure-in-elizabethan-england and https://sites.google.com/a/pvlearners.net/social-class-in-the-1500-1600-s/levels-of-social-classes-in-the-elizabethan-era

# data[].attributes.body
History of England during reign  of Queen Elizabeth I

# data[].attributes.headline
average life expectancy was 35. (Mrs.waggoner)

# data[].attributes.subject
average life expectancy was 35. (Mrs.waggoner)