# data[].attributes.body
GREEN * Rhetorical Terms:
(concepts and terminology related to rhetoric and argument).

BLUE *Literary and Stylistic terms:
(useful for a discussion of style)

PURPLE *Literary and rhetorical devices:
(useful for a discussion of writer's craft or tools a writer may employ)

# data[].attributes.body
When a sentence structure has parts which are grammatically the same, or constructed similarly.

"her chin raised a little, jauntily, her hair the color of an autumn leaf, her face the same brown tint as the fingerless glove on her knee.” (Fitzgerald 168)

--Fitzgerald uses Parallelism in this quote in chapter 9, where he repeats the pattern of:

(a) 3rd person possessive adjective. "Her"
(b) Noun. "Chin/hair/face."

# data[].attributes.body
When you compare using "is" or "are".

"My own house was an eyesore." (Fitzgerald 11 )

"Her voice is full of money." (Fitzgerald 115)

--In the first quote, Nick says that his home was simple compared to the other beautiful, fancy houses around, making his own house an eyesore. In the second quote, Gatsby comments on Daisy's voice, and that it is captivating, and so people can go crazy for her money like voice.--

# data[].attributes.body
When you compare using "like" or "as".

“there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines” (Fitzgerald, 8)

“then the glow faded, each light deserting her with lingering regret, like children leaving a pleasant street at dusk” (Fitzgerald, 20)

# data[].attributes.body
A figure with symbolic significance, and usually is recurrent.

Some main motifs in The Great Gatsby are Judgement and Wealth.

--The idea of judgement in the novel, is first shown when Nick states that he reserves judgment of all the other characters. Wealth is shown from start to end in this book. Nick starts by saying that people with money behave better, but then he talks about the money spent on parties and how destructive the wealthy can be.--

# data[].attributes.body
Considered a paradox, when two words combined are usually seen as opposite.

"ferocious delicacy" (Fitzgerald 69)

--Wolfsheim's eating is described with "ferocious delicacy", which sounds contradicting, but because ferocious means fiercely and extremely and delicacy means delightfully or pleasingly, so that only means that the oxymoron used here, is to emphasize Wolfsheim's eating with delicacy, and that he is extremely delicate with his eating.--

# data[].attributes.body
When something is called by a new name that has relation with the original thing/concept.

"The party preserved a dignified homogeneity, and assumed to itself the function of representing the staid nobility of the countryside—East Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on guard against its spectroscopic gayety."

--FItzgerald uses a place name to stand in for the place, that is the East egg and the West egg. "East Egg" alludes to the rich inhabitants of that place, and the "West Egg" alludes to the middle class inhabitants there. --

# data[].attributes.body
A contradictory statement that seems absurd until looked at, then does it seem to have an accepted and true reasoning.

“I like large parties. They’re so intimate. At small parties there isn’t any privacy.” (Fitzgerald 54)

--Here Jordan Baker is contradicting the intimacy and privacy of large and small parties, to the reader it seems confusing, but after analyzing, it appears to mean that at large parties everyone is busy in their own world because there is a lot going on, that one can leave without the notice of anyone. Whereas in small parties, everyone knows where everyone is, and so no one can have privacy.--

# data[].attributes.body
Is when a speaker poses a question, and answers it

“Do you always watch for the longest day of the year and then miss it? I always watch for the longest day in the year and then miss it.” (Fitzgerald 17)

--Hypophora is used in this quote, as Daisy asked a question but then in return answered it herself. She tries to appear foolish, as she could have stated it simply, but her repetition of the question makes her seem silly and naive. --

# data[].attributes.body
A comparison between two things in order to explain or emphasize something.

"Twenty miles from the city a pair of enormous eggs, identical in contour and separated only by a courtesy bay" "their physical resemblance must be a source of perpetual wonder to the gulls that fly overhead. To the wingless a more interesting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size" (Fitzgerald 10)

--Here, Carraway is using an analogy between the East and West Egg to emphasize their difference, and that they may look exactly the same if seen from above, but to the people living in them, there is a huge difference.--

# data[].attributes.body
Reference to a famous person/event which is used by authors to emphasize a point and give a deeper meaning to the situation.

Types of allusion may include: Historical, political, literary, cultural and even mythological.

“I bought a dozen volumes on banking and credit and investment securities, and they stood on my shelf in red and gold like new money from the mint, promising to unfold the shining secrets that only Midas and Morgan and Maecenas knew” (Fitzgerald 10)

The living room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapestried furniture entirely too large for it, so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes of ladies swinging in the gardens of Versailles. (Fitzgerald 31)

--In the first quote, Fitzgerald has Nick Carraway referring to Midas, Morgan and Maecenas because all of them are historical and mythical characters that admired and somewhat, glorified wealth which symbolizes or points to the obsession with wealth, the society of the twenties had. The second quote refers to The gardens of Versailles, and the grand size of the living room.--

# data[].attributes.body
The repetition of the same letter/sound at the beginning of words in the same sentence.

"At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden." (Fitzgerald 41)

--In this quote, Fitzgerald uses Alliteration with the letter 'C' in the following : "Crops of caterers came" and "canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree". It is evident that Fitzgerald is using alliteration to create rhythm and have it roll of the readers tongue.--

# data[].attributes.body
A writing that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden a meaning

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald.

"A stout, middle-aged man, with enormous owl-eyed spectacles"(Fitzgerald 46)

"He waved his hand toward the book-shelves.
'...I ascertained. They're real.' 'The books?' He nodded. 'Absolutely real - have pages have pages and everything" (Fitzgerald 47)

--The whole book is essentially an allegory if one thinks about it. Fitzgerald seems to be praising and appreciating the lavish and expensive lifestyle the upperclass people of the "Jazz era" seemed to adopt, but in reality Fitzgerald is using this lifestyle as his main argument in talking about the decaying of the American dream, and how this decade was basically a waste of society. The second quote, where Nick is describing a man, who seemed to be all educated and smart, but then turns out to be a joke, in a way. And lastly, Gatsby's books. Gatsby's books are there solely for the reason of deceit. To make himself appear educated, and truly an Oxford man, when in truth he isn't.--

# data[].attributes.body
When a statement has no relation to another statement made.

"Before I could answer her eyes fastened with an awed expression on her little finger. 'Look!' she complained; 'I hurt it.' (Fitzgerald 17)

"You ought to live in California-" (Fitzgerald 18)

--In the first quote, said by Daisy, she complains about her pinky finger in the middle of a discussion about planning and racism, which has nothing to do with the conversation at hand. Similarly, Miss Baker, or Jordan, started talking about living California while Tom was passionately voicing his opinions about race.--

# data[].attributes.body
A set of dots, usually three, that indicates an intentional deletion of a word/s for effect, and can be understood through contextual clues.

"'But I swore I wouldn’t tell it and here I am tantalizing you.’ She yawned gracefully in my face.

‘Please come and see me . . . Phone book . . . Under the name of Mrs. Sigourney Howard . . . My aunt . . .’ She was hurrying off as she talked-her brown hand waved a jaunty salute as she melted into her party at the door. (Fitzgerald 53)

# data[].attributes.body
Presenting something in a way that makes it seem less important that it actually is.

"I’ve got a nice place here,” he said." "Turning me around by one arm, he moved a broad flat hand along the front vista, including in its sweep a sunken Italian garden, a half acre of deep, pungent roses, and a snub-nosed motor-boat that bumped the tide offshore."(Fitzgerald 13)

--Tom Buchanan speaks in this quote. He seems to understate the beauty and magnificence of his property, and makes it seem like more of a simple looking house, when actually it is the complete opposite.--

# data[].attributes.body
A statement that may have been used way too much to be considered interesting or pensive.

“Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” (Fitzgerald 7)

# data[].attributes.body
The verbal irony in which contempt is mocked.

"'Do they miss me?' she cried ecstatically. Nick replies with, “The whole town is desolate. All the cars have the left wheel painted black as a mourning wreath, and there's a persistent wail all night along the north shore." (Fitzgerald 15)

--Nick's sarcastic comment is an over exaggerated, witty statement, which leaves us, the readers, liking Nick even more.--

# data[].attributes.body
Used in humor, where the an incorrect word is used in place of a similar sounding word.

"when she gave me the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitis out" (Fitzgerald 33)

--In this quote, Malapropism is used to prove a point. The point being, that Myrtle is an uneducated, non wealthy woman. This is used to compare her with Daisy, an educated and rich woman, which brings up the questioning of why Tom, a sophisticated and wealthy man, would leave Daisy for Myrtle? Probably for a casual relationship.--

# data[].attributes.body
When two things, usually polar opposites, are placed side by side for comparison.

"The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic...But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground" (Fitzgerald 26)

--T. J. Eckleburg's eyes are juxtaposed with the workers on "the solemn dumping ground" which goes to show the lack of willingness from the rich to help the poor.--

# data[].attributes.body
When an author overstates facts or exaggerates them.

"Your place looks like the world's fair." (Fitzgerald 79)

--Nick Carraway is over exaggerating his sight. He is emphasizing the size and expanse of Jay Gatsby's mansion, he also means to say that the mansion is so lit up that it lights up all its surroundings--

# data[].attributes.body
The author's distinctive vocabulary choices in speech or writing.

Formal: used in important, serious books.

Informal: used in relaxed and easy-going conversation.

Colloquial: used in daily conversation, may be considered as universally unacceptable.

“a hundred houses, at once conventional and grotesque, crouching under a sullen, overhanging sky and a lusterless moon” (Fitzgerald 167)

--Here, the choice of words, such as "sullen" and "lusterless", convey an uncomfortable feeling towards the situation, in this quote, Fitzgerald reveals a somewhat solemn tone.--

# data[].attributes.body
The ethical appeal of something. Focusing on qualifications, credibility, and title of person.

“He had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced, or seemed to face, the whole external world for an instant and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just as far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself.” (Fitzgerald 48)

--Ethos, or ethics, is evident in this quote because Nick Carraway is talking about Gatsby's uniqueness and this sense of rarity he owns, and we, as readers, believe him, because he is the narrator, and we trust him enough to believe him.--

# data[].attributes.body
When emotions are invoked because of certain words.

"They were both in white and their dresses were rippling and fluttering.." (Fitzgerald 13)

"Our white girlhood was passed together there. Our beautiful white-" (Fitzgerald 24)

--The connotation in these two quotes, is the color white. White, in this case, invokes a sense of power, excellency, grace and superiority of the 1920's upper class. In the book it is used to make the upper class look very elegant and elevated, Fitzgerald uses the word white in the sense of skin, color of clothes, color of houses, and many other things. The use of this connotation can be labeled as ironic, given that most the characters belonging to the upperclass are no where near graceful in their actions.--

# data[].attributes.body
When an author expresses their individuality through arranging words and sentences in their own way.

"If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away." (Fitzgerald 8)

--Fitzgerald, as evident in this quote, loves to begin with a thought and eventually ends it with a completely different one. Here he started with personality, and ended it with earthquakes. He also tends to use amazing connotations that really give us a sense of emotions, and conveys them very well, especially with what he did in this quote. He made us envision Gatsby, like how he envisions him. Based on this one, small quote from the novel, you can see he can influence us (the readers) into agreeing with him, in such a way we don't even feel it.--

# data[].attributes.headline
Appeals: Pathos ( "rhetorical triangle")

# data[].attributes.subject
Appeals: Pathos ( "rhetorical triangle")

# data[].attributes.body
The emotional appeal of something. Focusing on the senses and emotions.

“Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.” (Fitzgerald 180)

--In this quote, Pathos is evident. Carraway speaks of Gatsby's hope to go back to Daisy, in which the green light is symbolic. It shows Gatsby's pathos by conveying his deep love and care towards Daisy, and his persistence to be with her.--

# data[].attributes.body
Words used in substitute to offensive or inappropriate words.

"I lived at West Egg, the - well, the less fashionable of the two" (Fitzgerald 10)

--Nick is being euphemistic here, because rather than saying he lives on the side of the bay with less money, he says he lives on the "less fashionable" of the two sides.--

# data[].attributes.body
The general feeling or emotion created by the literary work.

"...and then sank down himself into eternal blindness, or forgot them and moved away. But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days, under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground." (Fitzgerald 26)

"The valley of ashes is bounded on one side by a small foul river, and when the drawbridge is up to let barges through, the passengers on waiting trains can stare at the dismal scene for as long as half an hour." (Fitzgerald 26)

--In both these quotes, a sense of dullness and sadness is present. They sound hopeless, especially Nick Carraway's description of The valley of ashes. Meaning, the mood is rather dull and depressing.--

# data[].attributes.body
The logical appeal of something. Focusing on the evidence and logic.

“I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” (Fitzgerald 22)

--The logos here, is that Daisy simply wants her daughter to live a life lacking complications, a life without understanding men and their cheating habits.--

# data[].attributes.body
A fallacy is the use of invalid or incorrect arguments, that maybe though to be valid and better than it actually is.

"The Great Gatsby" (Title)

--The title itself is considered to be a fallacy. Jay Gatsby is not really that great, his "persona" or who he is believed to be may seem great. Fitzgerald describes Gatsby in such a way to create a rather mysterious, respectful aura around the character, and an image that would eventually be destroyed. So that when the not-so great Gatsby comes out, readers would feel a sense of disappointment.--

# data[].attributes.body
A technique in which an author uses to convey a certain feeling to the audience and perhaps persuade them towards something.

"'Daisy! Daisy! Daisy!' shouted Mrs. Wilson. 'I'll say it whenever I want to!'" (Fitzgerald 39)

--The rhetorical device in use here is called Epizeuxis. It is when an author repeats the same word multiple in the text to prove or emphasize a point.--