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Many people are subjected to their spouse committing an adulterous act. This article gives some significant data that about "cheating" in America. Because Sykes cheats on Delia with Bertha in "Sweat," I thought it was valuable to include these statistics in this Padlet.

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The last few months of 2017 treated us to a whirlwind of news coverage on sexual harassment and abuse, with powerful men from Hollywood to Washington, D.C. falling because of sexual misconduct. It continues into the new year, with Missouri Governor Eric Greitens the latest to fall. And most of these men are married.

When Time magazine picked the silence breakers as the 2017 "person of the year," few people paid attention to the other group of women negatively impacted by the fallout-the spouses of the men who engaged in inappropriate or even criminal (in some cases) sexual behavior. To these women, sexual harassment/abuse also means infidelity.

In general, men are more likely than women to cheat: 20% of men and 13% of women reported that they've had sex with someone other than their spouse while married, according to data from the recent General Social Survey(GSS).

However, as the figure above indicates, this gender gap varies by age. Among ever-married adults ages 18 to 29, women are slightly more likely than men to be guilty of infidelity (11% vs. 10%). But this gap quickly reverses among those ages 30 to 34 and grows wider in older age groups. Infidelity for both men and women increases during the middle ages. Women in their 60s report the highest rate of infidelity (16%), but the share goes down sharply among women in their 70s and 80s. By comparison, the infidelity rate among men in their 70s is the highest (26%), and it remains high among men ages 80 and older (24%). Thus, the gender gap in cheating peaks among the oldest age group (ages 80+): a difference of 18 percentage points between men and women.

Trend data going back to the 1990s suggests that men have always been more likely than women to cheat. Even so, older men were no more likely to cheat than their younger peers in the past. In the 1990s, the infidelity rate peaked among men ages 50 to 59 (31%) and women ages 40 to 49 (18%). It was lower for both men and women at the older end of the age spectrum. Between 2000 and 2009, the highest rate of infidelity shifted to men ages 60 to 69 (29%) and women ages 50 to 59 (17%). Meanwhile, the gender gap at ages 80+ increased from 5% to 12% in two decades.

A generation or cohort effect is likely to contribute to this shifting gender gap in infidelity. As Nicholas Wolfinger noted in an earlier post, Americans born in the 1940s and 1950s reported the highest rates of extramarital sex, perhaps because they were the first generations to come of age during the sexual revolution. My analysis by gender suggests that men and women follow a slightly different age pattern when it comes to extramarital sex. Women born in the 1940s and 1950s are more likely than other women to be unfaithful to their spouse, and men born in the 1930s and 1940s have a higher rate than other age groups of men. The higher infidelity rates among these two cohorts contribute to the changing pattern in the gender gap as they grow older over time.

In addition to gender and age, the infidelity rate also differs by a number of other demographic and social factors. For example, cheating is somewhat more common among black adults. Some 22% of ever-married blacks said that they cheated on their spouse, compared with 16% of whites and 13% of Hispanics. And among black men, the rate is highest: 28% reported that they had sex with someone other than their spouse, compared with 20% of white men and 16% of Hispanic men.

A person's political identity, family background, and religious activity are also related to whether or not they cheat. Overall, Democrats, adults who didn't grow up in intact families, and those who rarely or never attend religious services are more likely than others to have cheated on their spouse. For example, 15% of adults who grew up with both biological parents have cheated on their spouse before, compared with 18% of those who didn't grow up in intact families.

On the other hand, having a college degree is not linked to a higher chance of cheating. Almost equal shares of college-educated adults and those with high school or less education have been unfaithful to their spouse (16% vs. 15%), and the share among adults with some college education is slightly higher (18%).

Given that many of these factors could be interrelated, I ran a regression model to test the independent effect of each factor. Basically, holding all other factors equal, will each factor still be related to the odds of cheating? It turned out that most of these differences (such as age, race, party identity, religious service attendance, family background) are significant, even after controlling for other factors. And a person's education level is not significantly associated with cheating.

However, when it comes to who is more likely to cheat, men and women share very few traits. Separate regression models by gender suggest that for men, being Republican and growing up in an intact family are not linked to a lower chance of cheating, after controlling for other factors. But race, age, and religious service attendance are still significant factors. Likewise, men's education level is also positively linked to their odds of cheating. By comparison, party ID, family background, and religious service attendance are still significant factors for cheating among women, while race, age, and educational attainment are not relevant factors. In fact, religious service attendance is the only factor that shows consistent significance in predicting both men and women's odds of infidelity.

Infidelity is painful to the person who is being cheated on and can be detrimental to the relationship. Although statistics on the link between infidelity and divorce are hard to find, my analysis based on GSS data suggests that adults who cheated are much more likely than those who didn't to be divorced or separated.

Among ever-married adults who have cheated on their spouses before, 40% are currently divorced or separated. By comparison, only 17% of adults who were faithful to their spouse are no longer married. On the flip side, only about half of "cheaters" are currently married, compared with 76% of those who did not cheat.

Men who cheated are more likely than their female peers to be married. Among men who have cheated on their spouse before, 61% are currently married, while 34% are divorced or separated. However, only 44% of women who have cheated before are currently married, while 47% are divorced or separated.

This gender difference could reflect the fact that men are more likely to be remarried than women after a divorce. A portion of currently married "cheaters" may be remarried, since we can't tell from the data whether or not the person who cheated is still married to the spouse he or she cheated on.
Wendy Wang is director of research at the Institute for Family Studies and a former senior researcher at Pew Research Center, where she conducted research on marriage, gender, work, and family life in the United States.

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Who Cheats More? The Demographics of Infidelity in America

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The last few months of 2017 treated us to a whirlwind of news coverage on sexual harassment and abuse, with powerful men from Hollywood to Washington, D.C. falling because of sexual misconduct. It continues into the new year, with Missouri Governor Eric Greitens the latest to fall.

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This is an interesting article that talks about how dangerous snakes are. In this story, the rattlesnake is what inevitably kills Sykes. This comes after he brings it to the house because knew how much Delia disliked snakes.  He had hoped it would kill her. This category is to explain that this snake is a symbol of evil. The evil in Sykes is gone when the snake kills him. Then, the "wall" (which is this type of Padlet page) was broken so Delia can live a better, healthier, and free life.

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We get a lot of questions about rattlesnakes. Indeed, they are some of the most fascinating species in the snake world. One of the most common questions is: How dangerous are rattlesnakes to humans? Are they deadly to humans? Here's what you should know about these fascinating reptiles, and the potential harm they bring.

Let's get one thing straight right off the bat. All rattlesnakes are potentially dangerous. They are all venomous. Some are more venomous than others, but they can all cause serious harm to humans - even death. So you should never attempt to handle a rattlesnake. Nor should you fear them. Just have a healthy respect for them, and give them plenty of space.

How Dangerous Are Rattlesnakes?

There are 30 - 32 species of rattlesnakes in North America (depending on who you ask), and they are all venomous. Thus, they are all potentially harmful to humans. Most species have the potential to kill humans.

But fatalities from venomous snakebites in North America are actually quite rare. These animals do everything they can to avoid contact with humans. Medical treatment (including antivenom / antivenin) can stop the effects of rattlesnake venom.

The potential for harm in humans depends on two things:

The type of venom delivered

The amount of venom delivered

Most rattlesnakes have "hemotoxic" venom. This type of venom attacks the blood cells and prevents clotting. It can cause serious tissue damage near the bite area. Hemotoxins can cause bleeding, swelling and necrosis (the medical term for tissue death). If left untreated, the snakebite victim could go into shock.

The Southern Pacific rattlesnake is unique in that it has a "hybrid" venom. A bite from this snake can produce hemotoxic as well as neurotoxic effects. A neurotoxin affects the central nervous system. In addition to the tissue damage mentioned above, this snake's venom can cause difficulty breathing and even respiratory failure.

So, how dangerous are rattlesnakes from a statistical standpoint? Statistically speaking, death by rattlesnake bite is very rare. Each year, there are about 7,000 - 8,000 venomous snakebites in the United States. But only 7- 12 deaths are reported annually.

There are two reasons for this low number:

1. Some bites only deliver a small amount of venom.

2. Medical treatment can usually reverse the effects of rattlesnake venom.

People bitten by rattlesnakes are usually treated with a substance called "CroFab," or a similar type of antivenom / antivenin. If a snakebite victim receives treatment within an hour or two of being bitten, there is a very good chance of recovery. Deaths usually occur when treatment is delayed, or when the person suffers from a severe allergic reaction to the bite.

What to Do If You Are Bitten

There are many myths and misconceptions about rattlesnake bites. Some people believe you can suck the venom out of the bite, and thus avoid any harm. But this is not accurate. The best treatment for a venomous snake bite is medical treatment, possibly including the use of antivenin.

If you are bitten by a rattlesnake, regardless of the species, you should go to the nearest emergency room. Most major hospitals have access to "CroFab," or a similar type of antivenom. This is especially true for hospitals in areas with a higher incidence of snakebite, such as those in the southwestern United States. If the bite is severe enough, it may warrant treatment with antivenom. Time is of the essence. The sooner you can get treatment, the less damage will be done.

Conclusion: How dangerous are rattlesnakes toward humans? They are dangerous enough to cause serious injury and in some cases even death. But they should not be vilified due to their venomous and potentially harmful characteristics. Rattlesnakes simply want to survive, the same as us. They make every effort to avoid contact with humans. They only bite as an absolute last resort.

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How Dangerous Are Rattlesnakes to Humans?

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1000We get a lot of questions about rattlesnakes. Indeed, they are some of the most fascinating species in the snake world. One of the most common questions is: How dangerous are rattlesnakes to humans? Are they deadly to humans? Here's what you should know about these fascinating reptiles, and the potential harm they bring.

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Here is a brief history of women's suffrage. Women have been a target for oppression and segregation from some facets of society. It is only now that things in our society are beginning to become more equal. In the short story "Sweat," we see how Sykes (husband) treats his wife, Delia. She is treated as a lessor person. This is also true with the encounters she has with other members of the society. Women in this era are treated differently than those today (which is a great thing!).

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Women's Rights Movement Begins

The campaign for women's suffrage began in earnest in the decades before the Civil War. During the 1820s and '30s, most states had extended the franchise to all white men, regardless of how much money or property they had.

At the same time, all sorts of reform groups were proliferating across the United States- temperance leagues, religious movements, moral-reform societies, anti- slavery organizations-and in many of these, women played a prominent role.

Meanwhile, many American women were beginning to chafe against what historians have called the "Cult of True Womanhood": that is, the idea that the only "true" woman was a pious, submissive wife and mother concerned exclusively with home and family.

Put together, all of these contributed to a new way of thinking about what it meant to be a woman and a citizen of the United States.

Seneca Falls Convention

In 1848, a group of abolitionist activists-mostly women, but some men-gathered in Seneca Falls, New York to discuss the problem of women's rights. They were invited there by the reformers Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

Most of the delegates to the Seneca Falls Convention agreed: American women were autonomous individuals who deserved their own political identities.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident," proclaimed the Declaration of Sentiments that the delegates produced, "that all men and women are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

What this meant, among other things, was that they believed women should have the right to vote.

Civil Rights and Women's Rights During the Civil War

During the 1850s, the women's rights movement gathered steam, but lost momentum when the Civil War began. Almost immediately after the war ended, the 14th Amendment and the 15th Amendment to the Constitution raised familiar questions of suffrage and citizenship.

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, extends the Constitution's protection to all citizens-and defines "citizens" as "male"; the 15th, ratified in 1870, guarantees Black men the right to vote.

Some women's suffrage advocates believed that this was their chance to push lawmakers for truly universal suffrage. As a result, they refused to support the 15th Amendment and even allied with racist Southerners who argued that white women's votes could be used to neutralize those cast by African Americans.

In 1869, a new group called the National Woman Suffrage Association was founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. They began to fight for a universal-suffrage amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Others argued that it was unfair to endanger Black enfranchisement by tying it to the markedly less popular campaign for female suffrage. This pro-15th-Amendment faction formed a group called the American Woman Suffrage Association and fought for the franchise on a state-by-state basis.

Gallery: The Progressive Campaign for Suffrage

This animosity eventually faded, and in 1890 the two groups merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the organization's first president.

By then, the suffragists' approach had changed. Instead of arguing that women deserved the same rights and responsibilities as men because women and men were "created equal," the new generation of activists argued that women deserved the vote because they were different from men.

They could make their domesticity into a political virtue, using the franchise to create a purer, more moral "maternal commonwealth."

This argument served many political agendas: Temperance advocates, for instance, wanted women to have the vote because they thought it would mobilize an enormous voting bloc on behalf of their cause, and many middle-class white people were swayed once again by the argument that the enfranchisement of white women would "ensure immediate and durable white supremacy, honestly attained."

Did you know? In 1923, the National Woman's Party proposed an amendment to the Constitution that prohibited all discrimination on the basis of sex. The so-called Equal Rights Amendment has never been ratified.

Winning the Vote at Last

Starting in 1910, some states in the West began to extend the vote to women for the first time in almost 20 years. Idaho and Utah had given women the right to vote at the end of the 19th century.

Still, southern and eastern states resisted. In 1916, NAWSA president Carrie Chapman Catt unveiled what she called a "Winning Plan" to get the vote at last: a blitz campaign that mobilized state and local suffrage organizations all over the country, with a special focus on those recalcitrant regions.

Meanwhile, a splinter group called the National Woman's Party founded by Alice Paul focused on more radical, militant tactics-hunger strikes and White House pickets, for instance-aimed at winning dramatic publicity for their cause.

World War I slowed the suffragists' campaign but helped them advance their argument nonetheless: Women's work on behalf of the war effort, activists pointed out, proved that they were just as patriotic and deserving of citizenship as men.

Finally, on August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. And on November 2 of that year, more than 8 million women across the United States voted in elections for the first time.

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Women's Suffrage - The U.S. Movement, Leaders & 19th Amendment

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The women's suffrage movement was a decades-long fight to win the right to vote for women in the United States. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was finally ratified, enfranchising all American women and declaring for the first time that they, like men, deserve all the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

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One who manages a household especially as a spouse and parent.

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Homemaker definition is - one who manages a household especially as a spouse and parent. How to use homemaker in a sentence.

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Real Life Account of a Abusive Relationship

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Real Life Account of a Abusive Relationship

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This is an anecdote of a woman who experienced an abusive relationship without the physical nature of the abuse. It is an interesting story and I encourage those to read into it to see how relationships can still be abusive even though they may not be physical.

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I had been dating my boyfriend, Jason, for only a couple of months when he suggested we move across the country to Albuquerque, where we knew no one, so I could write a novel while he worked to support us. "That's the most romantic thing anyone's ever said to me," I told him. I was 22, and he was 19.

Jason loved me. His charisma was like a bright, shining light, and I felt lucky to feel its warmth. With thousands of dollars I had been saving to go back to college, we rented a truck and paid the security deposit on an apartment.

I ignored the fact that he'd been fired from every job he'd had in Illinois and told myself things would be different in Albuquerque. He had promised to teach me how to drive his stick-shift car when we got there, and when he didn't, I persuaded myself not to worry about it. As my savings ran out and he lost his first job, I started waiting tables at a diner within walking distance of our apartment. When he made me shower twice a day, so I wouldn't smell like French fries after work, and so that I could shave my entire body, or else he wouldn't touch me, I did what he said. When he told me I was the smartest girl he'd ever met, but I wasn't sexy and it was time to open up our relationship so he could sleep with other women, I tried to see things from his point of view.

If I reacted with any emotion, it made things worse. "It isn't sexy when you cry," he liked to point out.

At the diner, one of the other waitresses used to come in with bruises on her upper arm in the shape of a grip. She couldn't leave her boyfriend, she told us, or he would kill her. When I looked at this young woman, I saw someone who lived on another planet - she was in an abusive relationship, and I was not. If I'd looked closer, I would have recognized that the only difference between us was that the evidence of her abuse was visible, while mine was hidden. And I didn't know what to name what I couldn't see.

At 22, I misread the signs of abuse in my relationship with Jason as evidence that this was my one true love. I felt like I was in a movie - how quickly we moved in together and isolated ourselves from friends and family, because all we needed was each other - but really I was in a playbook of common abuser tactics that are easily mistaken by victims for romance, and often misunderstood by others, who equate abuse with hitting. Although psychological abuse may never escalate to physical violence in a relationship, there is rarely a physically violent relationship that does not begin with psychological abuse, and its effects can linger longer than a broken limb.

The only problem with our relationship, he said, was that I needed to go back on antidepressants so I would stop acting so "crazy." I remember visiting a clinic in Albuquerque to get Zoloft and Ativan and looking at a poster in the restroom about domestic violence. The woman on the poster looked nothing like me, and she was holding a baby. I had no baby. In the exam room, when I lightly referenced some relationship problems, the male general practitioner told me that my boyfriend was just a young guy and I should "give him a break."

Today when I tell someone my story, whether a stranger or a friend who didn't know me in my early 20s, I always get the same question: "Was he physical?" I wonder if they are imagining what my face would look like black and blue. I know they are asking for proof that my relationship was, by popular definition, abusive, and then they want to know why I stayed. The truth is that the few times he was physical with me were tiny blips on a long timeline of subtle manipulation, public humiliation, controlling behavior and gaslighting.

The World Health Organization recognizes four types of intimate-partner violence: physical, sexual, emotional or psychological, and controlling behavior. These often coexist, and verbal aggression early in a relationship frequently precedes violence. Some studies have shown that abuse in the form of degradation, fear and humiliation is more psychologically debilitating in the long term than physical violence; psychological abuse can in fact sustain the relationship, as the victim becomes consumed with self-doubt, depression and low self-esteem. Lenore E. Walker, a psychologist who first identified the "cycle of abuse," has compared the psychological effects to the torture of prisoners of war: isolation, followed by manipulation of perception, humiliation, the administration of drugs and alcohol, and occasional, random indulgences that "keep hope alive that the torture will cease."
[When it came time to defend myself, it was easier to fight than to speak up]
Robert Eckstein, a senior lecturer in psychology and justice studies at the University of New Hampshire, says it's well understood by those working in the field that emotional abuse can be just as traumatic as physical abuse. But the public may not be aware of this, perhaps in part because of how relationship abuse is portrayed in the media. "Unfortunately, for something to cross the threshold of being newsworthy," Eckstein says, "it has to be sensational." Chris Brown's battering of Rihanna in 2009 made headlines because his victim was equally famous - and because there were photos.

The wounds of emotional abuse are more difficult to capture. A 2008 study of articles about domestic violence in five major newspapers found not a single story during a three-month period mentioned emotional or psychological abuse. The exclusion of non-physical forms of abuse is a disservice to victims who don't see their experiences represented, argues the study's author, Christy-Dale Sims.

Research has shown that intimate-partner violence can increase depressive symptoms in victims. Those people who have experienced depression are also more likely to become victims of intimate-partner violence.

I've struggled with depression and anxiety since the age of 13, but I was off antidepressants when I met Jason, at an audition for a community college production of "Medea." (The tragic stakes in our relationship were always high.) In the medicine cabinet at his apartment on our second date, I found pills used to treat bipolar disorder and thought this meant it would be safe to open up to him about my history. But over time, my mental health became a weapon in his arsenal. If I cried because he wanted to sleep with other women, it was because I needed to be medicated. If I had anxiety over him losing yet another job, he told me to pop a benzo. When I tried to curb my drinking, he told me he missed how "fun" I used to be.

I would like to tell you I left Jason in Albuquerque and closed that chapter of my life, but I would be lying. There was one night when I did leave: I took a cab to the airport while he was at a party and flew home to my parents' house in Chicago. For a few hours, I felt like a dark hood had been lifted from my head, and I could see clearly that I deserved better. But I still wasn't ready to leave for good. One day later, I was right back where I started, after he threatened to take all my books out to the parking lot and burn them. And he promised to change.

We only dated for a year, but for the next three years, there were many late-night phone calls about what could or should have been, and we slept together whenever we were in the same city. What kind of woman did that make me, if I would hook up with my abusive ex-boyfriend? My denial stemmed from fear: if I admitted that our relationship was abusive that would mean I couldn't see him anymore, and if I couldn't see him anymore, I would lose the electric charge I felt when we were together. When I was 26, he stayed in my apartment for a week, and we got drunk and high and fought in the rain and he went home with the bartender. I saw that the only one of us who was ever going to change was me. For the first time, I felt strong enough to stop answering his phone calls. Six weeks later, my phone rang from an unknown number. It was his brother. Jason had died in a motorcycle accident.

Only in the aftermath of his death have I been forced to face the reality of what our relationship was.
[Why victims stay in violent relationships]
My story isn't a harrowing example of domestic violence. I wasn't kidnapped or held in sexual slavery; I didn't escape a murder attempt. But my story matters because it is just one example of what is happening to people all over the country, especially young people. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that first occurrences of rape, intimate-partner violence or stalking mostly occur before age 25. And women aren't the only targets of abuse; they are most likely to be the victims of physical violence in heterosexual relationships, but the CDC found that men experience "psychological aggression" from an intimate partner at a rate (48.8 percent) slightly higher than women (48.4 percent) do.

Today I'm 31. I've been with my current boyfriend for five years. One night when we had first started dating, I accidentally broke a few of his dishes. I froze in the kitchen, preparing to be yelled at. But he just got a dustpan to clean the mess up, like it was no big deal, and I went into another room and cried. At 22, I thought what was happening to me was nothing compared with the other waitress's life, but all I had to compare was her hurt against mine. I didn't know yet what was on the other side.

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I had been dating my boyfriend, Jason, for only a couple of months when he suggested we move across the country to Albuquerque, where we knew no one, so I could write a novel while he worked to support us. "That's the most romantic thing anyone's ever said to me," I told him.

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This article discusses Domestic Violence. It explains what it is, signs to be aware of and how to deal with it.

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Domestic Violence and Abuse - HelpGuide.org

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Are you or someone you care about in an abusive relationship? Learn about domestic abuse, including the more subtle signs.

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Language that condemns or vilifies usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily; physical maltreatment.

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a corrupt practice or custom; improper or excessive use or treatment : misuse; language that condemns or vilifies usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily... See the full definition

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Behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex.

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prejudice or discrimination based on sex; especially : discrimination against women; behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex... See the full definition

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A belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

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: a belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

also : behavior or attitudes that reflect and foster this belief : racial discrimination or prejudice

The kind of trenchant racism to which black people have persistently been subjected can never be defeated by making its victims more respectable. The essence of American racism is disrespect.

From racist graffiti in schools to daily microaggressions and police profiling, rally testimonials highlighted that issues surrounding racism are still very much local issues.

: the systemic oppression of a racial group to the social, economic, and political advantage of another

Discriminatory housing practices, redlining neighborhoods, underfunded education, lack of access to healthcare, racial profiling, police brutality and mass incarceration are just a few examples of cage wires that all together contribute to structural racism.

: a political or social system founded on racism and designed to execute its principles

In 1913 the Natives Land Act reserved 90% of the country for whites, who then made up 21% of the population. Under the formalised racism of apartheid 3.5m blacks were forcibly moved to isolated reservations called "homelands." - The Economist

The History and Dictionary Meanings of Racism and Racist: Usage Guide

Racism and racist appear to be words of recent origin, with no citations currently known that would suggest these words were in use prior to the early 20th century. But the fact that the words are fairly new does not prove that the concept of racism did not exist in the distant past. Things may have words to describe them before they exist ( spaceship, for instance, has been in use since the 19th century, well before the rocket-fired vessels were invented), and things may exist for a considerable time before they are given names ( T-shirt does not appear in print until the 20th century, although the article of clothing existed prior to 1900). Dictionaries are often treated as the final arbiter in arguments over a word's meaning, but they are not always well suited for settling disputes. The lexicographer's role is to explain how words are (or have been) actually used, not how some may feel that they should be used, and they say nothing about the intrinsic nature of the thing named or described by a word, much less the significance it may have for individuals. When discussing concepts like racism, therefore, it is prudent to recognize that quoting from a dictionary is unlikely to either mollify or persuade the person with whom one is arguing.

Synonyms

Examples of racism in a Sentence

The recording career of the Henderson band was brief ... due partly to the racism of booking agencies that didn't take on black acts until the mid-'30s, when Henderson's career was on the downswing. - Today, Hawaii has one of the most diverse populations anywhere. Each group has its own stories of prejudice and opportunities limited by racism. - the Hitler's declaration of his belief in a "master race" was an indication of the inherent Greg Tate, Jill Center, racism that was the basis of apartheid racism of the Nazi movement. San Francisco Chronicle, Vibe,

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'racism.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Note: The word racism competed in the early twentieth century with the older word racialism, which is now much rarer.

1902, in the meaning defined at sense 1

The first known use of racism was in 1902

Dictionary Entries Near racism

Cite this Entry

"Racism." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/racism. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.

More from Merriam-Webster on racism

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Merriam-Webster unabridged

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a belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race; also : behavior or attitudes that reflect and foster this belief : racial discrimination or prejudice... See the full definition

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Attached is a video of Jane Elliot, a former educator and Race Relations Expert, discussion how racism is learned.  She describes how we can unlearn it just as easily as we learned it.  My goal is that this short video will help people see a bigger picture of how racism is just about judging someone base on outward appearance.  We should be looking at their character and person hood rather than appearance.  I am still generating some analysis on Jane Elliot's words because I believe they are so very important.

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Jane Elliott: ONE Race - The Human Race: "Prejudice is an emotional commitment to ignorance."

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Attached is the story "Sweat" by Zora Neale Hurston. It is the foundation of this Padlet and Study Guide. It is vital to this project and to the understanding of what is going on to read this story.