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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Case Law:  Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 1969.   In this case, three public school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War.  They were suspended from school for refusing to remove them.  John Tinker and Christopher Eckhardt were high school students, and Mary Beth Tinker was in 8th grade at the junior high.  Upon hearing about their plan to wear the armbands, the school district created a policy forbidding armbands.  The three students wore the armbands anyway, and they were suspended from school.  They sued the district for violating their 1st Amendment rights.
Why is this still important?  I believe this is important because we need the ability to speak and protest against situations or things that negatively affect us.  For example, an unfair tax that should be repealed.

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A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Case Law:  United States v. Warner (10th Cir. 1993). In this case, Mr. Warner was caught in Utah with a machine gun. He appealed that the constitution allows its citizens to bear arms. The case ended with Mr. Warner getting fined as he owned the automatic assault weapon (privately).
Why is it still important?
Although the topic is controversial, I believe this amendment is important in daily life because it provides defense for american citizens.  Not only does it protect police rights for firearms, but can protect citizens from criminal situations and public defense.

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No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Case Law:  Engblom v. Carey.  In this case, New York correction officers went on strike. The National Guard was called to fill out the duties of the officers on strike. They were evicted from their homes, which in turn violated their 3rd amendment.
Why is it still important? In everyday life, this amendment is important because a person in authority cannot search an area without probably cause. This gives citizens the right for privacy and free-will.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Case Law:  Weeks v. United States, 1914.  In this case, police officers in Kansas City, Missouri went to the house of Mr. Fremont Weeks and used his hidden key to enter and search his home.  While there, they took papers, letters, books, and other items.  They did not have a search warrant.  These items were used in court to find Mr. Weeks guilty of sending lottery tickets through the U.S. mail.
Why is it still important?  This is important because it gives citizens the rights of privacy without probable concern.  Without a search warrant and/or probable cause, authorities are not allowed to search through personal belongings, giving citizens their right to privacy and denial.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Case Law:  Ashcraft v. Tennessee (1944).

Tennessee law enforcement officials broke down a suspect during a 38-hour forced interrogation, then convinced him to sign a confession. The Supreme Court again represented here by Justice Black.  Confessions obtained by torture are not as alien to U.S. history as this ruling suggests, but the Court's ruling at least made these confessions less useful for prosecutorial purposes.
Why is it still important? This is important in everyday life because it protects citizens from abuse of the government.  Also, this amendment protects the liberty and rights of citizens unless abided by the due process of law.

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
Case Law:
GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963). In this case, Clarence Gideon was accused of breaking into a Florida pool. He argued that he did not have a fair trial because he had not been given a lawyer at his defense.
Why is it still important? This is important in everyday life, but especially in court cases. All prosecuted persons should have the right to immediate defense from a lawyer, and assistance from other forms of law.  This gives a good hand to the criminal, as he has a better chance of getting out of a crime or situation.

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Case Law:  Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television. In this case, was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that if there is to be an award of statutory damages in a copyright infringement case, then the opposing party has the right to demand a jury trial.  Columbia wins the case due to evidence, and sues Feltner.
Why is it still important? This amendment is important especially in court cases. Having the right to a jury in a trial allows for more responsibility in solving a case, and may even help either side of the defendants.

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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
Case Law:  Leser v. Garnett.  In this case, there was no particular dispute, but only that the Supreme Court held that the 19th amendment to be established into the constitution. Although no dispute was present in the case, previous rights of women that could not vote was the driving force of establishing the 19th amendment.
Why is it still important? This amendment is important because it provides a sense of equality for people's voting rights, especially women. Having this amendment ends women suffrage,and grants them a right to vote. I also believe this promotes the idea of equality in other aspects under the law, and life.

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No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunizes of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Case Law:  Brown v. Board of Education.  In this case,  segregation of public schools based solely on race was allowed by states if the facilities were “equal.” Brown overturned that decision. Regardless of the “equality” of facilities, the Court ruled that separate is inherently unequal. Thus public school segregation based on race was found in violation of the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.
Why is this still important? Although segregation doesn't exist anymore, I believe this amendment is what ended it. I think it is important in daily life because it represents equality to all people no matter what their religion or ethnicity is.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Case Law:  United States v. Bajakajian, 1998.  In this case,  Hosep Krikor Bajakajian decided to go to Cyprus in 1994 to pay his debts. He was put on trial because he did not declare the amount of $357, 144 to the customs officers. The law states that a person who carries more than $10,000 in leaving the country must honestly declare the amount to the concerned authorities. Although there was a clear violation, Justice Clarence Thomas said that forfeiting the full amount violated the Excessive Fine Clause. Justice Thomas argued that the penalty was totally “disproportional” to his offense.
Why is it still important? This amendment would be most important for individuals in cases who are bound to receive some sort of punishment. This amendment protects those people from excessive forms of punishment such as "burnt at the stake", and other harsh death penalties. Also it protects from bail. It protects from bail being too excessive in a set of certain crimes.