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A standard drink is any drink that contains 10 grams of alcohol.

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What is 'BMI'? What is the equation used to measure BMI?

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What is 'BMI'? What is the equation used to measure BMI?

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BMI is an approximant measure to wether you are under weight or over. BMI is calculated by dividing their weight in kg by the square of their height.

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Smoking is a practise in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Smoking generally relates to the use of tobacco, but can also include d r u g s

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Describe the trend in tobacco use overtime. What caused it?

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Describe the trend in tobacco use overtime. What caused it?

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Rates of smoking have decreased significantly in Australia over time, from around 25% in 1991 to around 14.5%in 2014-15.

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What impact does tobacco use has on the following? Give examples!

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What impact does tobacco use has on the following? Give examples!

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- Burden of disease
tobacco use was responsible for 9% of total burden of disease in 2011
- Under-five mortality rate
smoking can cause unborn children to be born prematurely or die early
- YLL
Smoking can increase the risk of dying prematurely due to cancers, strokes or coronary heart disease.
- YLD
Tobacco use can contribute to asthma or COPD.

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What are the BMI classifications for adults?

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What are the BMI classifications for adults?

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A BMI below 18.5 is considered under weight.
A BMI 18.5 to 24.9 is considered healthy.
A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight.
A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

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What's the impact of smoking (particularly tobacco) on health?

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What's the impact of smoking (particularly tobacco) on health?

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The impact of tobacco includes the risk associated with past tobacco use, current use, and exposure to second-hand smoke. people are going continue to smoke and die from smoking related conditions.

The types of conditions that are possible to get from smoking tobacco are:
- cardiovascular disease
- many forms of cancers
- low birth weight
- respiratory conditions
- increase risk of infection

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Define 'alcohol misuse' and 'binge drinking'. What's the difference?

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Define 'alcohol misuse' and 'binge drinking'. What's the difference?

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Alcohol misuse- is when a person consumes large amounts of alcoholic drinks.
Binge drinking- is the primary intention of becoming intoxicated by heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time.
The difference between alcohol misuse and binge drinking is that binge drinking may not mean the presence of an alcohol disorder but still increases the risk of negative health outcomes. Whereas alcohol misuse is more likely to contribute to chronic conditions

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What impact does alcohol misuse has on the following? Give examples!

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What impact does alcohol misuse has on the following? Give examples!

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- Burden of disease
- Morbidity -
- YLL - Death due to overuse
- YLD - Liver failure, Alcohol poisoning

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What's the impact alcohol has on health in short and long term?

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What's the impact alcohol has on health in short and long term?

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In the short term it impacts such as road accidents, injuries, drownings and violence
In the long term alcohol is likely to contribute to chronic conditions such as liver disease, ulcers, dementia, lung cancer, heart failure, cancer of throat and mouth and premature ageing.
,e.g. Alcohol contains kilojoule, which increase energy intake, which can lead to weight gain

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of smoking?

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of smoking?

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A range of interventions contributed to this decrease, including advertising bans; bans on smoking indoors and increasingly in outdoor public spaces; plain packaging; price increases; restrictions on sales to minors; public education; and media campaigns.

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of alcohol use?

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of alcohol use?

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We can improve health status of Australians in terms of alcohol use by increasing the legal drinking age to 21 or increasing the prices of alcoholic drinks.

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What's the impact high BMI has on health?

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What's the impact high BMI has on health?

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e.g. high BMI increases the risk of hypertension, which will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

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What impact does high BMI has on the following? Give examples!

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What impact does high BMI has on the following? Give examples!

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- Burden of disease
high body mass contributed 5.5% of all disease and injury burden in Australia.
second highest risk factor behind tobacco use.
burden contributing to 52% burden 38% chronic kidney disease and 23% coronary disease. (fig 3.17 pg 84)
- Morbidity
increased risks of  cardiovascular vascular disease, some cancers colorectal, breast cancer, type two diabetes, chronic kidney disease.
- YLL
73.7% of burden attributable to high body mass.
- YLD
26.3% of burden attributable to high body mass.

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of BMI?

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How can we improve health status of Australians in terms of BMI?

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we can improve the health of Australians in terms of bmi by ensuring everyone is having a healthy diet and a good level of fitness

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What nutrients are contained in vegetables, fruits, and dairy? What roles do they have on health and wellbeing?

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What nutrients are contained in vegetables, fruits, and dairy? What roles do they have on health and wellbeing?

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Vegetables:  fiber, folate, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C and iron.
Fruits: fiber, folate, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C.
Dairy: calcium, potassium, phosphorus, protein, vitamins A, D and B12.

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Why are the underconsumption of vegetables, fruits, and dairy are a concern? How so?

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Why are the underconsumption of vegetables, fruits, and dairy are a concern? How so?

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Vegetables: you wont get the nutrients you need to have a well functioning body systems, including immune system. increases risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease and some cancers.
Fruits: can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease , cancer and neural tube defects.
Dairy:  Under consumption of dairy means you're not consuming enough calcium which is important for bone strengthening and growth, lack of calcium will lead to weak bones. Low milk consumption can also lead to dental caries, type two diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.

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Define 'nutrient dense' and 'energy dense' foods? Give examples!

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Define 'nutrient dense' and 'energy dense' foods? Give examples!

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Food that is high in nutrients but quite low in calories. Nutrient-dense foods contain minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats

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1. Monounsaturated
2. Polyunsaturated
3. Saturated
4. Trans

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What's the difference between HDL and LDL?

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What's the difference between HDL and LDL?

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High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a good cholesterol.
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a bad cholesterol.

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What impact does high consumption of fat, salt, and sugar has on health? How so?

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What impact does high consumption of fat, salt, and sugar has on health? How so?

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Fat: High intake of fat can play a number of roles on health and wellbeing because it increase body mass, the greatest impact is an increase in morbidity and mortality in relation to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers.
Salt: High intake of salt can draw excess fluid of the cells, which increases blood volume and contributes to hypertension, other impacts include heart failure, stroke, heart attack, and osteoporosis.
Sugar: High intake of sugar can contribute to dental decay and can lead to periodontitis and a range of diseases that include heart disease, stroke, severe infections, kidney disease and oral cancers.

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Define 'fibre'. What role does it have on health?

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Define 'fibre'. What role does it have on health?

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Fibre is a type of carbohydrate that is required for optimal health and wellbeing. There are two types of fibres that are essential for good health and wellbeing: soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibre absorbs water and is found in fruits, vegetables, lentils and dried beans.
Insoluble fibre does not absorb moisture and is found in wheat bran.

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Define 'iron'.  What role does it have on health?

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Define 'iron'.  What role does it have on health?

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Iron is an essential part of blood. Iron forms the 'haem' part of haemoglobin, which is the oxygen carrying part of blood. A person who does not get enough iron may develop iron-deficiency anaemia, a condition characterised by tiredness and weakness. Individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia struggle to generate enough energy to complete daily tasks such as school, work, sport and socialising. Low intake of iron is a major cause of iron deficiency, although other causes exist such as an inability to absorb iron and severe blood loss.