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A physicist, Lise Meitner made a startling discovery that would immediately revolutionize nuclear physics and lead to the atomic bomb. Part of a team that discovered nuclear fission — a term she coined — but she was overlooked in 1945 when her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She has been called the "mother of the atomic bomb," even though she did not directly have anything to do with its development. Element No. 109, meitnerium, was named in her honor.

References:
https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200712/physicshistory.cfm
https://www.livescience.com/62162-lise-meitner-biography.html

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In 1949 Goeppert and Hans Jensen developed a model in which nucleons were distributed in shells with different energy levels. The model reflected observations of directions in which nucleons rotated around their own axes and around the center of the nucleus.
She was affiliated with several universities and worked on the American atom bomb project during World War II.
She is the last woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics, claimed that honor in 1963.
References:
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1963/mayer-facts.html

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A Chinese-American experimental physicist. In her most famous experiment, announced in 1957, she and her colleagues overthrew a law of symmetry in physics called the principle of conservation of parity that had been considered incontrovertible for 30 years. It held that in nuclear reactions, nature in effect does not differentiate between left and right. At one time, physicists were so certain of the validity of the law that they tried to make all of their observations fit it.
Unfortunately, although this led to a Nobel Prize for Yang and Lee in 1957, Wu was excluded, as were many other female scientists during this time. Wu was aware of gender-based injustice and at an MIT symposium in October of 1964, she stated "I wonder whether the tiny atoms and nuclei, or the mathematical symbols, or the DNA molecules have any preference for either masculine or feminine treatment.” The discovery of parity violation was a major contribution to high energy physics and the development of the Standard model.
References:
https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/18/us/chien-shiung-wu-84-dies-top-experimental-physicist.html
https://www.biography.com/people/chien-shiung-wu-053116

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A nuclear physicist. Dr. Yalow was the second woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA).
In their work on radioimmunoassay, using a radioactivity materials, Dr. Yalow with your colleague Dr. Berson used radioactive tracers to measure hormones that were otherwise difficult or impossible to detect because they occur in extremely low concentrations. They went on to use the test to measure concentrations of vitamins, viruses and other substances in the body. Today the test has been largely supplanted by a technique that does not use radioactivity.
References:
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/us/02yalow.html

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Jackson is the President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and an MIT Corporation life member. She received her bachelor’s degree from MIT in 1968, continuing her graduate work, in part, to create opportunities for other underrepresented minorities at MIT. She earned a doctorate in particle physics in 1973, becoming the first African American woman to receive a PhD from MIT and the second African American woman in the United States to earn a doctorate in physics.
Dr. Jackson's research specialty is in condensed matter physics, especially layered systems, and the physics of opto-electronic materials.
In 2016, United States President Barack Obama awarded Dr. Jackson the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest honor for contributions in science and engineering.
References:
https://science.mit.edu/shirley-jackson-speaks-about-her-career-and-being-an-agent-for-change/
https://president.rpi.edu/president-biography