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Salinger´s purpose with the implementation of lying within the novel shows a indirect metaphor. The main character, Holden Caufield claims he despises ´phonies´ however, he lies throughout the whole book making him a ´phony´ himself. Many conversations Holden has with others are mostly made up of lies, making it a fear for himself allowing others to know the truth of who he is; he lies about his name, his age, and his current status at Pencey.

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Salinger, J. D., and . The Catcher in the Rye. Little, Brown, and Company, 1951

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The theme of lying is very influential throughout the novel, Holden's compulsive lying adds to his characteristics and shows that he is a phony as well. The general theme of lying represents how Holden feels about adults and phonies and how he feels about adulthood. He lies to avoid going into detail and because he is afraid of who he truly is. Lying is very ironic, he calls others phonies yet he lies and deceives others all the time. And while he fears adulthood and change he lies in order to appear an adult. Holden lies to his parents, Phoebe, Mrs.Morrow, the women in the bar, bartenders, Sunny and himself; he lies to himself about his appearance, he obviously doesn't look as old as he thinks he looks. Holden's lying set up the correlation between his dislike of adults and phonies; he lies in correspondence with those thoughts in his mind. Holden's lying set's up the framework of the novel, while his lies have no real powerful effect, they still manage to deceive people and this relates to him being an unreliable narrator. Lying is a prominent theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye, Holden lies to cover up his feelings and who he is.

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- Mrs. Morrow: Holden tells Mrs. Morrow about how he's leaving schools to get surgery on his brain tumor, and how popular her son is, even though he doesn't even like her son, and tells her a fake name.
- Phoebe: Holden lies to Phoebe when he said he´ll join her on the carousel when he didn´t.
- His Parents: Holden is supposed to notify his parents about his expulsion from Pencey, but he does not.
- Himself: Holden lies to himself about how he really feels.
- Maurice & Sunny: Holden lies about his age to make him seem older.
- Bartender @ Lavender Room: Holden also lies about his age to the bartender but he does not believe him.

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Holden goes to the subway station and he sits on the bench and sees his classmate´s mother, Mrs. Morrow, and he lies to her saying he´s leaving school to get brain surgery on his nonexistent brain tumor.
http://www.mediologiest.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/brain-cancer.jpg

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As Phoebe rides the Carousel, she tells Holden to get on the ride with her, but then he tells her that he´ll go on the ride with her next time, however she goes on the ride again but he still does not join her.

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Holden lies to the prostitute saying he´s 22, when the audience knows he´s 16. He also tells her his name is Jim Steele. As the prostitute attempts to have sex with Holden, he tells her that he can´t have sex because     he´s still recovering from his ¨clavichord¨ surgery, even though a clavichord is an instrument.

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Clavicorde_L%C3%A9pante.JPG

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When Holden goes to clubs and bars, he lies and tells the bartender that he of age, he does that so he can be an adult and order. His favorite drink is scotch and soda next to frozen daiquiris.
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Chapter 3 - Holden states that he is the most terrific liar.
Chapter 8- Holden lies to Mrs.Morrow   about her son, about his name, and he tells her that he has a tiny brain tumor.
Chapter 10- Holden lies about his age, he says he's older in order to get a drink.
Chapter 13- Holden lies to the prostitute, Sunny about his name and age.
Chapter 15 - He lies to the nuns and says he has a lot of money and that he goes to school at Pencey.
Chapter 21 - He lies to the elevator operator and says he's the Dicksteins' nephew; he lies to Phoebe and tells he r he was let out of school early.
Chapter 25 - He lies to Phoebe and tells her that he'll get on the carousel next time - he doesn't.

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In J.D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye, the main protagonist Holden Caufield is an avid liar who manages to lie throughout the entire novel. Holden tells lies for the purpose of having conversations and companionship. He is a compulsive liar and lies at any chance he gets, the reason he does this is because he wants to keep conversations going and continue talking to others though at times, he lies because he doesn't feel like talking and going into detail; he lies because he doesn't want to discuss much and give explanations. Throughout the novel, Holden lies to and about various things. For instance, he lies about his name to Mrs.Morrow, the prostitute and the women in the Lavender Room. He lies about why he is out of school earlier and he keeps this information from his parents- therefore, lying to them about his current situation. Though he lies to keep conversations going as well, the conversation he has with Mrs.Morrow spans about three pages and is one of the longest conversations he has had through the book. Lying is an outlet for Holden so he doesn't have to be lonely, which is something he terribly fears. Holden is a great liar and is able to fool others and keep them on his lies. J.D. Salinger shows Holden's character and sets him up as good liar, his lying brings out the framework of his character and contributes to the story presented in the novel.

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"How come you're not home Wednesday?" she asked me. "You didn't get kicked
out or anything, did you?" "I told you. They let us out early. They let the whole--"
(Pg. 165)

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I told him, in this very casual voice, to take me up to the Dicksteins'. The Dicksteins were these people that had the other apartment on our floor. I'd already taken off my hunting hat, so as not to look suspicious or anything. I went in the elevator like I was in a terrific hurry. "That's all right," I said. "I'm supposed to wait for them. I'm their nephew." He gave me this sort of stupid, suspicious look. "But I have a bad leg. I have to hold it in a certain position. I think I'd better sit down in the chair outside their door."
(Pg. 157)

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" Her son was doubtless the biggest bastard that ever went to Pencey, in the whole crumby history of the school. "May I ask your name, dear?"  "Rudolf Schmidt," I told her. I didn't feel like giving her my whole life history. Rudolf Schmidt was the name of the janitor of our dorm. "Do you like Pencey?" she asked me. Some of the faculty are pretty conscientious." "He adapts himself very well to things. He really does. I mean he really knows how to adapt himself." Sensitive. That killed me. That guy Morrow was about as sensitive as a goddam toilet seat. "I got hit with a snowball," I said. "One of those very icy ones."  "Well, a bunch of us wanted old Ernie to be president of the class... because Ernie wouldn't let us nominate him. Because he's so darn shy and modest and all. He refused. . . Boy, he's really shy. "Ernest wrote that he'd be home on Wednesday, that Christmas vacation would start on Wednesday," she said. "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain."
(Pg. 56-58)