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- short term changes
- medium term changes
- long term changes

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Long Term Changes

Long term changes in the ecosystem include:

Deforestation

Urbanisation

Radioactive waste/pollution

Sea level rise

Global rise

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Primary and secondary succession

No life is there (bare rock)

Then muyosses and lichens grow from soil

Soil develops and then grasses and small plants grow

animals come

Soil thickens and smaller shrubs grow

Trees start to grow

Fires burn the trees

Thermohaline circulation

Drives the global conveyor belt

Begins in the north atlantic making it be chilled by arctic temp and then get salty  coz it’s cold

Cold water is more dense because of added salt

Affected by temperature, salinity, and wind

The water starts from the North Atlantic then it moves through the equator and down to Antarctica, making it cold yet again

Water upwelling is nutrient-rich around the equator, which creates a good ecosystem for coral to live in

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Factors effecting fire may include:
- amount of flora species
- height of plant species
- topography of the land
- typical weather patterns in the location

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- ecological succession when a fire occurs in an ecosystem
- can allow plants to regenerate, such as eucalyptus plants.

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- effect on vegetation growth
- input and outputs such as carbon dioxide, oxygen and water in the ecosystem,
- Soil Ph effects vegetation grow

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limiting factors include:
- sunlight
- rainfall
soil configuration
- soil nutrients

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- Variables that influence the behaviour of the fire include the amount of vegetation present in the ecosystem, typical weather patterns at the location such as wind, rainfall and sun presence.  Moreover, the typical type of forest may contribute to fire behaviour. If it’s a Sclerophyll forest, where a lot of fire-prone trees species are present or tropical. The landscape of the land plays a huge role in fire behaviour, as steep topography cause a fire to spread at a much faster rate.

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Biotic factors in an ecosystem include:
-  sunlight
- temperature
- atmospheric gases
- water
- soil
All these factors is what makes each ecosystem different and unique in their own way.

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Short Term Daily Changes

Circadian rhythm  - activity that occurs regularly and predictably on a daily basis

Diurnal - Active during daylight hours (most birds are diurnal)

There are some mammals that are nocturnal

Lunar Rhythms - movement that is caused by the moon every 28-29 days. This includes change in tide height which influences a lot of the species processes.

Season Change - the change in season causes by the position on earth strongly influence all specie processes. Such as when they are born, migration, flora germination, colour change in leaves of trees, water state, hibernation etc.

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- Human processes and actions effects the different cycles of the ecosystem, such as the the nitrogen cycle, carbon-oxygen cycle, phosphorus cycle and the water cycle.