# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Need time to physically move because they are often energetic and active.

Their fine motor skills are not yet developed.

Social and emotional:

They are friendly, talkative and enjoy being with friends.

Fairly independent but sometimes needs help from adults.

Communication:

Enjoy experimenting with language.

Enjoy being read to.

Cognitive:

Learn best through play and exploration.

Have short attention spans.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: read to them and let them be storytellers.

Writing: Allow them to scribble and use invented spelling.

Math: Use hands-on tools like manipulatives and use stories.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Still developing in abilities to read and write.

Need lots of physical activity. Better control of large movements.

Social and emotional:

Want adult approval and love to help.

Need consistency with routines and rules.

Can concentrate on a task for fifteen to twenty minutes.

Communication:

Express themselves in a few words, but are more complex in their imaginative expression.

Like explanations/to explain things.

Cognitive:

Can become stuck in repetitive behavior.

Often have a fixed way of thinking.

Vivid imagination.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: vocalize while reading, do partner reading, read short chapter books to them.

Writing: Tell stories with drawings and a couple words, switch to three-fingered pencil grasp.

Math: Use real materials to do simple equations, practice writing numbers.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

In a hurry and will tire easily.

Enjoy being active both indoors and outdoors.

Social and emotional:

Highly competitive and ambitious.

Care a lot about friends and enjoy working in groups.

Tend to test relationships with authority by complaining, teasing, etc.

Communication:

Like to share about things they like with others.

Use enthusiastic language

Cognitive:

Curious, love discovery, new ideas, asking questions.

Motivated to learn and produce a great quantity of work.

Very creative! Love to color, paint, read, and write.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: Use means of creative expression to show their thoughts toward a story. Begin reading easy chapter books.

Writing: Story development influenced by drawings, write simple whole sentences.

Math: Mental math, simple worksheets, measure with materials such as sand, use manipulatives.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Improved coordination for gross and fine motor skills.

Are much more coordinated.

Increased ability in focusing on nearby objects.

Social and emotional:

Very sensitive to others.

Need security, structure and stability.

Series and conscientious about school work.

Communication:

Good listeners and speakers.

Have a great interest in words and vocabulary.

Cognitive:

Like to work slowly and finish what they start.

Are perfectionists with their work.

Able to reflect on learning through verbal, written and artistic means.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: need individual reading time, small group phonics instruction, short and open writing prompts.

Writing: Can use writing as a tool to show learning, beginning to learn spelling, ease in punctuation.

Math: complex mental math, simple word problems, experiment with geometry, use hands on tactics.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Full of energy and therefore need physical release.

Play hard and tire quickly

Some awkwardness in coordination due to growth spurts.

Social and emotional:

Like to socialize, work in groups, and share humor.

Want both peer and teacher approval.

Growing sense of moral responsibility.

Communication:

Vocabulary expands rapidly

Pay attention but easily forget details.

Cognitive:

Like to talk/explain ideas.

Hard workers but have limited attention span.

Show increasing interest in rules/logic.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: read independently, work in groups.

Writing: can produce lengthy stories, ability to spell correctly.

Math: Capable of doing all four operations, understanding fractions, and exploring geometric patterns.

Use short activity breaks often.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Better coordination in physical activities.

Like to push their physical limits, but tire easily.

Have better fine motor coordination, so they show more interest in making detailed drawings.

Social and emotional:

Become more individualistic, resulting in them experimenting with new appearances.

Impatient and easily frustrated.

Often feel worried or anxious.

Critical of self and others.

Competitive.

Communication:

Enjoy descriptive language, new vocabulary, and word play.

Enjoy exaggerating.

Use technology and a range of social media to express ideas and thoughts.

Cognitive:

Industrious and intellectually curious; focus more on the “real” world and search for facts.

Gain awareness, including issues of justice and fairness.

Take pride in attention to detail and finished work.

Able to manage more than one concept at a time.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: Work in groups, involve assignments with research, develop dictionary skills, and explore poetry.

Writing: Can make revisions, able to understand plot, character development, etc.. Make fewer mistakes with spelling.

Math: Work with word problems, practice with division, fractions, surveys, graphing, and experimenting with standard algorithms.

# data[].attributes.headline
10 year olds-relators & delight in learning

# data[].attributes.subject
10 year olds-relators & delight in learning

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Large muscles are developing quickly.

Need large amounts of outdoor physical activity.

Continue to enjoy drawing/tracing/copying/etc.

Social and emotional:

Happy and friendly; enjoy family, peers, and teachers.

Developing a more mature sense of right and wrong.

Cooperative, flexible and enjoy collaborative learning.

Communication:

Good listeners. Appreciative of others perspectives.

Love to read independently.

Cognitive:

Good at memorizing.

Their ability to think abstractly is increasing.

Take pride in schoolwork.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: Read, memorize and recite poetry, read independently and have them focus on book themes.

Writing: Readiness to write lengthy stories and have the ability to memorize the spelling of difficult words.

Math: Master multiplication tables, work with decimals, compute with fractions, solve word problems.

# data[].attributes.headline
11 year olds-outwardly bold & inwardly tentative

# data[].attributes.subject
11 year olds-outwardly bold & inwardly tentative

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Restless and energetic, making them need lots of food, physical activity, and sleep.

Adolescence begins and motor skills begin to improve.

Social and emotional:

Need set aside time to talk with peers because friends become increasingly important to them.

Can be moody, self-absorbed and sensitive. Therefore, they need adult empathy, humor and sensitivity to help them cope.

Ethics and Self-Direction:

They now have the ability to see things from others points of views as well as the perspectives of other cultures.

Learn well in collaborative groups.

Cognitive:

Would rather learn new skills than review old ones. They enjoy the challenge of hard work.

Becoming better at abstract thinking and deductive reasoning.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: Have them read nonfiction books pertaining to topics that are of interest to them. Have them build timelines and read biographies.

Writing:

Are willing to practice, but struggle with revision. Allow them to incorporate personal interests and write with a mature plot, character development, and style.

Math: Enjoy complicated word problems, using calculators, and studying probability and statistics related to the real-world.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical:

Very energetic and need lots of exercise, sleep, and food.

Have intense growth spurts.

Social/emotional

Capable of self-awareness, insight and empathy.

Care more about peers’ opinions than those of teachers and parents.

Cognitive

Are able to plan and organize their thoughts and work and can set goals for themselves.

Increasing ability to think abstractly about complex moral issues.

Ethics and Self-Direction

Able to understand both sides of an argument, but will argue one point of view.

Find current events motivating if they are relevant to their own life.

How patterns relate to learning:

Reading: Like to read chapter books, book series, and reading about current events.

Writing: Able to revise, interest in writing biographies/autobiographies and essays about current events.

Math: Begin pre-algebra, compute extensively, and solve geometric problems.

# data[].attributes.headline
13 year olds-independent & developing confidence 

# data[].attributes.subject
13 year olds-independent & developing confidence 

# data[].attributes.body
Physical

Have lots of physical energy.

Both boys and girls are going through puberty and are experiencing lots of changes.

Social/emotional

Pay close attention to pears and feel the need to follow the trends.

Their mood can easily fluctuate and they are often more quiet and to themselves.

Cognitive

Have the ability to see many sides of an issue and have a continued growth in abstract reasoning.

Often worry about school work and are not willing to take risks on intellectual tasks.

Ethics and self-direction

Like to challenge authority for the sake of argument.

They are often concerned with social justice and set on things needing to be fair.

How patterns relate to learning

Reading: Like to read about social issues and study literary terms.

Writing: Have the ability to revise as well as structure short expository essays.

Math: Are able to learn more sophisticated forms of math such as algebra and extensively using geometric tools.

# data[].attributes.headline
14 year olds-value peer connections & strive for independence 

# data[].attributes.subject
14 year olds-value peer connections & strive for independence 

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fraisingchildren.net.au%2Fpre-teens%2Fbehaviour%2Fpeers-friends-trends%2Fteen-friendships&psig=AOvVaw0UhXFNawdZlQbOo8eWfk6v&ust=1618246173193000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCOjwxvvS9u8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABADPhysical

Very energetic and need lots of exercise, snacks, and sleep.

Both boys and girls are experiencing growth spurts.

Social/emotional

Enjoy engaging in group discussion, tackling big ideas, and discussing current events.

Moving toward adult independence and therefore can respond poorly to adult instruction.

Cognitive

Respond to challenges well and enjoy doing lengthier projects.

They like learning how things work and do well with figuring out cause and effect as well as doing abstract thinking.

Ethics and self-direction:

Aware of problems in the larger world and become invested in learning more and finding solutions.

May start taking special interests in subjects for future career due to electives, sports, etc.

How patterns relate to learning

Reading: Focus on literary themes, sampling genres, and studying literary elements.

Writing: Enjoy choosing a genre, such as a poem, play or story. Use stylistic writing techniques when constructing essays.

Math: Study algebra, explore number systems and graphs, and review all operations.

# data[].attributes.body
I learned so much about child development from exploring the different ages of children. A pattern I realized is how children begin striving for independence at a young age, and as they get older, that strive becomes more intense. Therefore, it is our job as teachers and parents to support children in the appropriate ways, given their age, to attain independence. I also learned how each age group has different needs. They especially need support from adults whether that be giving your approval or giving them the appropriate amount of space to explore their independence. It was interesting to see how each age group is so vastly different and has such unique interests. I noticed that as children get older, they value their peers more and more, and rely on adults less.

This exploration will be a huge help to me as a future teacher. As a teacher, it is really important to recognize that children have a drive to be independent. For teaching, this translates to being aware of when to give children a chance to explore their independence and when to offer support. By knowing what my students' interests are at their given age and also knowing what they need, I can support them in these ways and make class engaging for them. As a result, my students will feel seen and valued in my classroom, as well as be excited and engaged in their learning.