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A population is where all of the same species live in the same place at the same time. Ex: A big flock of Canadian geese migrating south is a population because it’s the same species of geese and they’re all at the same place.

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An adaptation is a structure or behavior that helps an organism survive and live in its surroundings. Ex: A penguins “wings” have adapted into flippers over time, which helps them with moving in water instead of flying.

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When animals reproduce, they are making more of the same species. Their children can be hybrids (if the parents are different) or the same species as the parents. Ex: When bald eagles reproduce, they are making more eagles, which helps save them from extinction.

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When an organism matures, it means that it is reaching the adult stage of the life cycle. Ex: When a frog matures, it loses its tail and lives on land.

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Oxygen is the air that animals breathe in. Plants release oxygen, which is why deforestation is bad for Earth. Ex: In hospitals, they have oxygen masks to help patients get air. Oxygen tanks are also used for scuba divers too.

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Carbon dioxide is the gas animals release, and it is the gas that plants take in. Ex: Cars and factories can release carbon dioxide which causes climate change and global warming.

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Learned behavior is a behavior that an animal can learn based on experience. Ex: For meat eaters, hunting is learned behavior because it takes time for the parent to teach its offspring how to catch prey.

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Inherited traits are a characteristic that is passed down from parents to their children. Inherited traits can sometimes skip generations. Ex: For a human, an inherited trait could be hair color. As for an inherited trait for animals, the shape of a dog’s ears could be based off of their parents.

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An abiotic component is a physical feature of an ecosystem. Abiotic components are the parts of an ecosystem that are not alive. Ex: An abiotic component could be sunlight. Even though sunlight is not living, it still interacts with other components of an ecosystem.

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A biotic factor is a part of an ecosystem that is living. Ex: A deer is a biotic factor because it is a living thing. A deer could interact with an abiotic factor or another biotic factor (like another deer).

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A fossil is the remain or trace of an organism that once lived a long time ago. Fossils can help scientists determine the climate the organism lived in, and what other organisms lived around it. Ex: Scientists dig for dinosaur bones to learn more about them and the world they once lived in.

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Offspring are the children (or new living things) that come from parent organisms. Ex: A chick is the offspring of a hen and a rooster, which are the parents.

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Instinct is a reaction to a certain scenario where the organism doesn’t have to think. They just react. Ex: An instinct that organisms might have is the reaction to heat. When you touch something hot, your instinct is to quickly pull your hand back. You don’t think, you just know that the object is hot, and you shouldn’t touch it. In the picture below, if someone accidentally touched the kettle, they would instinctively pull their hand back.

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Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Ex: Some diseases (like sickle cell disease) can be passed on from generation to generation because of the genes form parents. This is an example of heredity.

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A flood occurs when too much water flows onto dry land. Floods can damage houses, causing people to have no shelter, and they can kill civilians.

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A drought is what happens when there is a shortage of rain for a long amount of time. This can lead to crops dying , which could devastate populations. Ex: One of the worst droughts that ever occurred in American history was the Dust Bowl. During the Great Depression, a terrible drought hit the southern Great Plains.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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A species is a group of organisms of the same kind that can reproduce and have offspring like themselves. Ex: Betta fish are a fish species that can reproduce and have children.

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Function is the use of an organism’s structure. Functions can be used for protection, food, water, and many other uses in order for an organism to survive. Ex: The function of a cactus’s spikes is to prevent predators from eating it. If the predator tries to swallow the cactus, it will likely get poked.

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The structure of a plant or animal is the physical trait of it (a part or organ of it). Ex: A cactus’s flower is a physical structure of the plant.

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Overpopulation is what happens when there is an abnormal growth in the amount of a certain species. If there is an abnormal amount of growth in a certain species, it could throw off the balance of an ecosystem’s food chain. Ex: If there was an overpopulation of hawks, a lot of their prey will die out. That will disrupt the balance of the food chain. Whatever the prey’s food is, that could create another overpopulated species. Picture: The overpopulation of the algae blocks sunlight from entering the body of water, not letting other organisms get sunlight.

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A decomposer is an organism that breaks down dead organisms and turns it into nutrients. Decomposers can be good for the soil because they provide the nutrients from the deceased organism to the soil. Ex: Earthworms and mushrooms are decomposers.

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A consumer is an organism that relies on other living things for energy (food). Ex: Rabbits are consumers because they rely on plants for food.

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A producer is a living organism that produces (makes) its own food. Ex: Plants and algae use sunlight to make there own food using photosynthesis.

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The sun is the star at the center of our solar system. The sun provide heat and light, making life possible on Earth. Sunlight helps plants produce food and it gives animals a source of heat and light.

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The role or niche of an organism is the job that it plays in its habitat. Ex: A tree’s role in its habitat is to create and release oxygen for animals to breathe. A tree’s niche could also be to prevent soil erosion.

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A food chain is a path of energy from food passed from one organism to another. Ex: An example of a food chain is shown in the picture below.

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Food webs are overlapping food chains with different paths. Ex: In the picture below, you can see how the food web has multiple consumers and predators instead of just one of each. The grasshopper eats the plants, and it is then eaten by either a coyote or snake.

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Prey is the organism that is being hunted. The prey is a source of food for the predator. Ex: A gazelle is a cheetah’s prey because it is hunted as a source of food for the predator.

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A predator is an organism that hunts or eats another organism. A predator relays on its prey for food. Ex: A cheetah would be a gazelle’s predator because the cheetah eats gazelles.

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An omnivore is a living thing that eats both other animals and plants. Ex: Bears are omnivores because they eat meat and berries.

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An herbivore is a living thing that eats only plants. Ex: Cows are herbivores that eat grass and hay.

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A carnivore is an animal that eats meat for prey. Ex: A lion is a carnivore because it eats other animals on the safari.

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The flow of energy is the energy that is moving from one organism to another in a food chain. The top predator will tend to get the smallest amount of energy from the flow because the energy is spent by the other animals. Ex: A food chain (or food web) can represent the flow of energy because it shows which organism is getting the food energy from its food.

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Energy is what we need in order to work, move, or function properly. We can get energy from food and sleep. Many factories or vehicles get energy from nonrenewable resources, but that harms the environment. We have found alternative ways to power these sources though. In life science the term “energy” can mean energy from food being passed to different organisms. Ex: Sugar, protein, and fat are examples of food that animals can get energy from.

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To survive means to try and stay alive. Ex: Some animals are able to survive in extreme conditions because of special adaptations. Some people know how to survive in the woods if they get lost.

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An organism is any type of living thing. Ex: Animals, bacteria, fungi, and plants are all organisms.

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Something that is non-living doesn’t breathe or have organs. It doesn’t need food or water for energy. It doesn’t require energy. Ex: Rocks are non-living because they don’t breathe. They don’t require food or water.

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When something is living, it means that it breathes air. In science, anything that is living breathes air (or carbon dioxide if it’s a plant), requires water and food, and has shelter and space to stay safe and grow. Ex: Even though they don’t look seem like it, plants are living things. They take in carbon dioxide, use sunlight to make food, absorb water, and require space to grow.

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A biome is a large area of land with a specific climate and certain types of organisms that live there. Ex: A tundra is a type of biome that has colder climates and is covered in ice and snow. The soil there is frozen so mosses and lichens can grow. The animals that live there tend to have fur to insulate their body temperature.

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A habitat is the home of a living organism. Ex: a beaver dam and the body of water that surrounds it can be considered the habitat of a beaver.

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An ecosystem is a place where different organisms interact with each other. Biotic and abiotic components make up an ecosystem. Ex: a grassland ecosystem has different animals and plants, but it also has non-living components that interact with other organisms.

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Environments are the surroundings that any organism lives in. Ex: A plain is an environment with abiotic factors (like grass and bacteria) and biotic factors (air, rain, and soil).