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To measure the liquidity of the market and the size of the transaction cost of the stock.

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Arbitrageur can make a profit from the price difference arising in an investment of a financial instrument such as bonds, stocks, derivatives.

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Because without speculation, there would be no liquidity in the markets, and market participants would be limited.

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Hedging involves taking an offsetting position in a derivative in order to balance any gains and losses to the underlying asset.

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The price to buy will always higher than the underlying market, the price to sell is always lower than the underlying market.

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The investors sell at higher price than the purchase price after accounting for the exchange rate between the markets.

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The speculators change to invest the stock when the stock price drops, and they want to get back to even.

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- Derivatives.
Derive the value from an underlying real asset.
- Option.
Put option to protect against the loss if the price falls.

- Diversification.
The assets you own does not rise and fall together.

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Losses can be sudden and unlimited without a stop loss position.If losses arise, they cannot be set against an investor's capital gains on other investments as is the way with share purchases

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Arbitrage funds are not very profitable during stable markets.

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When prices move lower, the speculative presence in markets is just as strong. As prices drop, speculative activity may temporarily push prices even lower which actually benefits consumers at the expense of producers.

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Risk and reward are often proportional to one other; thus reducing risk means reducing profits.

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Trader whose aim is to gain from the price difference between two futures contracts.

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Type of investor who attempts to profit from market inefficiencies.

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Everyone who invests in the financial market is a bit of a speculator — the possibility of losing money is always there, as is a chance of making money.

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Someone who owns Treasury bonds and is concerned that prices might decline

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A technique in which speculators has dual positions or contracts at one time or taking of two opposite positions  that buying one contract and selling the other in futures market.

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Investor who have dual positions at one time, that buying futures and selling physical or vice-versa.

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Does not involved in business but motivated by profits based on favorable price movements within specified of time.

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Investment that involved in business and naturally want to protect their business from variability and unpredictability of cash prices or price risk