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is a networking device that allows multiple
computers to communicate with each other over a
network by broadcasting all incoming data to all
active ports. Available in 4 to 12 ports.

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Fixed-configuration switches are
usually available 4 to 52 ports.
is a networking device that
connects hosts by receiving
incoming data packets and
redirects them to their intended
destination.

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It allows multiple computers to communicate each other

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device that
connects hosts by receiving
incoming data packets

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Network Hub.
USB Hub.

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Toggle Switch.

Limit Switch.

Float Switches.

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Cheap and simple
Can connect different media types

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Half duplex
Wastes Bandwidth
Causes unnecessary traffic

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• Full-duplex

• Keeps a record of MAC Address

• Prevents Bandwidth Waste

• Increases network size

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is a kind of networking
device that interconnects two
or more networks together by
dividing LAN into different
segments. commonly has a single input
and single output port, thus
making it a 2 port device.

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Bridges work by dividing a
LAN into segments and help
the hosts send and receive
data to the specific segment
where the receiver or
another host belong.

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• More expensive

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Arch Bridge.

Beam Bridge.

Cantilever Bridge.

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• Reduces network traffic.
• Prevents bandwidth waste.
• Keeps a record of MAC Addresses.

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- is a network device that replicates and

amplifies a received signal to an
extended geographical area.

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• Expensive
• Slower than hubs

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amplifies a received signal to an
extended geographical area.

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a combined device for modulation and demodulation, for example, between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a phone line.

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WIFI Repeater, Network Repeater, Telephone Repeater

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A modem modulates and demodulates electrical signals sent through phone lines, coaxial cables, or other types of wiring.

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Cable
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Dial-up.

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➤ It amplifies the signal.
➤ It does not affect the performance of the network
when it’s performing its task on the signal.
➤ Repeaters can be used in different mediums for
reception and transmission.
➤ It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.

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Modem are fast
Expensive
Mobility

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➤It is not possible to connect different network
architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is
needed.
➤The number of repeaters to be used are limited between
two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which
results into packet collisions or problems in the packet
detection.
➤Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.

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Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.

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Malware attack
Traffic Maintenance

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perform the traffic directing

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Home router And Business Router

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➨It provides connection between different network architectures such as ethernet & token ring etc. ➨It can choose best path across the internetwork using dynamic routing algorithms. ➨It can reduce network traffic by creating collision domains and also by creating broadcast domains

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➨They are expensive compare to other network devices. ➨Dynamic router communications can cause additional network overhead. This results into less bandwidth for user data. ➨They are slower as they need to analyze data from layer-1 through layer-3.22 Oct 2020