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A democratically elected, Jacob Arbenz began efforts at land reform. The United Fruit Company asked the United States to help remove Arbenz ,because they felt threatened. In 1945 he was overthrown.

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The Great Leap Forward was a national agricultural revolution and industrial shift. It planned for mass production of increased grain and steel. This five year plan (1958-61) originally was packed with government propaganda, claiming to create a stronger China. Though regardless of agricultural gain, many Chinese starved. This was due to a rising famine. Regardless, Mao Zedong sent out grain and other agricultural goods to other countries, to "brag" about gaining success. Much of this movement broke up families and failed the country.

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) was a movement created by Mao Zedong to assert his authority, after the weakening of the Great Leap Forward. He claimed that current communist leaders were leading their nations in the wrong direction, and instead enforced his ideologies onto China.
The population was to abolish culture of the "Four Olds": Old customs, old culture, old habits, & old ideas. During this, the Red Guards "cleansed" the country of elderly and intellectual populations by mass murder and violence. The Red Guards patrolled areas, and provoked fear throughout the country. As well as the Gang of Four.
Though many cities almost reaches anarchy and fought Mao's dictating rule. Many people were moved into urban centers where the movements disappear.
Lin Biao  had sent troops restoring order and later became competition to Mao. With the help of Zhou Enlai, Mao leaned on his power. Soon Zhou became the supreme power of China. Later Lin dies in an airplane accident to escape. Zhou revived education systems, and restored many to powerful positions, and in the same year, Mao Zedong dies of a stroke and Zhou of cancer.

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1945 Russia helps China gain back Manchuria.

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An explosion in Mukden went off onto a Japanese owned railroad. The Japanese blamed the Chinese for these events and became the motivation to cause war with China. This interrupted internal Chinese political conflicts, as the country prepared for war.

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After Japanese win Mukden Incident war, they take over Manchuria.

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The Rise of the Chinese Communist Party:

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The Rise of the Chinese Communist Party:

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The start of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) upstarted with two men: Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu. Previously, the May  Fourth Movement and Bolshevik in Russia was part of the uprising, and influence of the new government. Members such as Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi, began organizing their party more with Labor Unions in cities.

Later the CCP joined with the Nationalist Party, but proved to fail. Chaing Kai-shek denied their behavior and the Nationalist Party forced the CCP away.

China was later threatened by the Japanese in the Northwest. Soon they agreed on political unity between the Nationalists and Communists, to handle the Japanese. As the war progressed the CCP expanded its strength by controlling military bases of 100 millions of people.

Mao Zedong came to power 1959 and led the CCP to be the dominate radical political party of China.

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Known as the Mukden Incident, Japan goes into war in Northeast China (1931).

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Mao Zedong was the Chinese Chairman and leader of the Communist Revolution, and People's Republic of China (PPC), until death (1949-1976).

Born in the Hunan province, Zedong was raised with a silver spoon, his father Mao Yichang being a wealthy land owner. He grew up on Confucianism, but from an early age denied these ideals. Later developing into modern political ideas.

Into his adult life he strongly resonated with Marxism, and later created a new branch called "Maoism".

Zedong's goals for China as Chairman was to build industry and agriculture, but mostly too abolish remaining ideas of traditional Chinese culture, and western ideas. He did spread this new culture of Maoism about with propaganda, and violently with police forces known as the "Red Guards".

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Kerala is pretty much the only place in India that saw economic and political success. They passed successful land reforms and economic reforms. They made fixed work hours and minimum wages. Even though the land reforms worked, the government took control of Kerala to slow down and reverse the success.

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The main conflict between India and Pakistan is called the Kashmir Conflict. This is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region, and China would eventually get involved.

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This is where the partition of India was decided in 1947. The reason for making Pakistan was because Pakistan was mostly Muslim, and India was mostly Hindu. India gave Pakistan financial aid to jump start their country. Even though they gave aid, tension between the two countries would continue even to present day.

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The United States helped overthrow the Mosaddegh government in Iran.

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Russia helped overthrow the Iranian leader that supported Hitler's Nazi regime.

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Great Britain played a role in overthrowing the Iranian leader that supported Hitler's Nazi regime. Also helped overthrow the Mosaddegh government in Iran.

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India had been under British rule for a long time before World War II. After the war though, they became an Independent country. With help from Mahatma Gandhi and his movements against British, India was finally Independent. Although they were independent, they still struggled with implementing land reforms and economic reforms. So poverty still remained in most of India because 1 percent owned 90 percent of the land.

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Haile Selassie was overthrown by a group of military and civilian leaders that claimed he was a pawn of U.S. imperialism. He was arrested in the National Palace where they ordered 60 former regime officials to death. Mengistu Haile Mariam led this takeover and created a new Socialist government with aid from the Soviet Union and other Communist countries. The Socialist government failed though, because famine and economic recession made Mariam flee the country.

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Ethiopia was an independent country until World War 2 when Haile Selassie returned to leadership and aligned with the western powers. Selassie brought Ethiopia out of poverty and into Economic prosperity. This led to more western-influenced social and cultural reforms. Despite his economic success, he was unable to pass land reforms. As a result, Ethiopia became dependent on Selassie's leadership.

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Bo Ho Su, Vĩnh Ô, Vĩnh Linh District, Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam

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17th Parallel that divided Communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam. This was decided at the Geneva Conference after the First Indochina War (a war between French and Anti-French forces led by the Viet Minh and supported by the Republic of China and the Soviet Union. This ended French rule in Vietnam). A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was created there.

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Ho Chi Minh arrived in Vietnam right here and represented the Communist party for Vietnam. He then made a travel to North Vietnam, and the route he took became known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The trail was used to send military resources to Communist allies in South Vietnam. It was important, because is provided logistical support for North Vietnam and their Communist allies.

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Japan occupied and France  claimed Vietnam until after World War 1 when Vietnam declared their independence from Japan and French control. The North side of Vietnam looked forward to Communist arrival in their country, because they were promised the redistribution of land from the wealthy to peasants.
When the Communists took power, they took immediate action to redistribute the land. They even did so through violence.

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Early in World War II the leader of Iran decided to support Hitler and his Nazi regime. Not wanting this to happen Russia and Britain invaded Iran and forced the leader to pass on his power to his son Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Russia and Britain left their forces in Iran to keep Iran from supporting Germany during the war.

Iranian nationalists did not like the new Shah because they saw him as a puppet of Western Powers. In 1951, they forced him to flee the country. Iran would later select Mohammad Mosaddegh as their Prime Minister. He claimed he would nationalize the oil companies. The U.S. and Great Britain would overthrow him and return the Shah to power.

The Shah's rule was a harsh authoritarian regime. Despite this, the Shah established many reforms which would be known as the White Revolution. This included women gaining the right to vote, the creation of a social welfare system, and the funding of literacy programs in villages. Among the most important of these reforms was with land ownership. The Shah wanted to take away power from the traditional landowner as well as increase his popularity with the peasants. This was done by the government buying land from landowners and selling the land to peasants at lower prices. Most Iranians - both landowners who had been forced to sell their land and peasants who didn't receive any land - opposed land reforms. Others opposed modernizing the country. Those who were for democracy opposed the Shah's rule.

In 1979, the Iranian Revolution brought down the Shah. Most Iranians supported the revolution because they remembered the overthrow of Mosaddegh. The leaders to come out of the revolution were the ones who rejected the Shah's views. The new government would be a theocracy. This type of government gave religion large authority. The government was lead by a Guardian Council that would interpret the constitution and made sure that all laws complied with Islamic Law.

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Land reform in Venezuela began in 2001 with an unpopular law that allowed the government seized land from the landowners. Then the government redistributed the 5 million acres for agricultural purposes.