# data[].attributes.headline
March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

# data[].attributes.subject
March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

# data[].attributes.body
On March 3, 1865, Congress passed “An Act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees” to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans

# data[].attributes.headline
 April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

# data[].attributes.subject
 April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

# data[].attributes.body
Booth was an open Confederate sympathizer during the war. A supporter of slavery, Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South

# data[].attributes.headline
April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

# data[].attributes.subject
April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

# data[].attributes.body
The presidency of Andrew Johnson began on April 15, 1865, when Andrew Johnson became President of the United States upon the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, and ended on March 4, 1869. He had been Vice President of the United States for only 42 days when he succeeded to the presidency

# data[].attributes.body
Black Codes restricted black people's right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces. A central element of the Black Codes were vagrancy laws. States criminalized men who were out of work, or who were not working at a job whites recognized.

# data[].attributes.body
The Thirteenth Amendment—passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864; by the House on January 31, 1865; and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865—abolished slavery “within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Congress required former Confederate states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment

# data[].attributes.body
Founded in 1865, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era

# data[].attributes.body
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."

# data[].attributes.body
Memphis Race Riot in the U.S. post-Civil War period, attack by members of the white majority on Black residents of Memphis, Tennessee, illustrating Southern intransigence in the face of defeat and indicating unwillingness to share civil or social rights with the newly freed Blacks

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states. The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for 

# data[].attributes.headline
March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868, Reconstruction Acts of 1867

# data[].attributes.subject
March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868, Reconstruction Acts of 1867

# data[].attributes.headline
June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

# data[].attributes.subject
June 1870 Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo 

# data[].attributes.headline
July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

# data[].attributes.subject
July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

# data[].attributes.body
Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”

# data[].attributes.body
Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877), working to implement Congressional Reconstruction and to remove the vestiges of slavery

# data[].attributes.headline
Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

# data[].attributes.subject
Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

# data[].attributes.body
Under the direction of Congress, most Southern states held new constitutional conventions in 1867–68. This time the freedmen voted and participated. The resulting new state constitutions guaranteed the right of black adult males to vote and run for public office.

# data[].attributes.headline
February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

# data[].attributes.subject
February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

# data[].attributes.body
ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote

# data[].attributes.body
In the Colfax Massacre a group of white people attacked and killed a group of African Americans. The violence arose over a power struggle between white Southern Democrats and white Republicans and their Black supporters. The massacre took place in Colfax, Louisiana

# data[].attributes.headline
1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

# data[].attributes.subject
1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

# data[].attributes.body
The violence and intimidation of black and white voters, often called the “shotgun policy” or the “Mississippi Plan,” destroyed the effectiveness of the Republican Party in most areas of the South as an alternative to one-party (Democratic) rule. Whites left the GOP and rejoined the Democrats or quit politics

# data[].attributes.headline
After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

# data[].attributes.subject
After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

# data[].attributes.body
The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.