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Presented by: GARAY, Mary Elizabeth A.
BS Psychology 3-3
PSY 3103-3

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2200 BCE | Rudimentary Forms of Testing in China

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2200 BCE | Rudimentary Forms of Testing in China

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Every third year in an empire in China, the emperor had his meritorious officials evaluated to determine their proficiency for government positions.

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Pythagoras began practicing physiognomy to evaluate personality. Physiognomy was expounded by Aristotle through his short treatise which was utilized to infer on personality traits based on one’s appearance.

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The rise of Phrenology was attributed to Franz Joseph Gall’s work, The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General. it proposed a theory on human behavior based on the notion that a person's personality and cognitive capacity are correlated to the structure of their head.

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1879 | First Experimental Psychological laboratory 

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1879 | First Experimental Psychological laboratory 

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Wilhelm Wundt, the father of Psychology, found the first Experimental Psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. The development of the laboratory paved a way for modern psychology.

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1884 | Francis Galton’s first battery tests

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1884 | Francis Galton’s first battery tests

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Francis Galton, the father of mental testing, experimented on 17,000 individuals to measure individual differences through anthropometric and psychometric measures. His study on heredity and "co-relations" gave rise to the widely used statistical approach of Correlation, later coined by Karl Pearson.

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In his classic publication, "Mental Tests and Measurements," Cattell declared the current testing agenda which became the advent of psychological assessment. He was the first to use the term mental test.

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Alfred Binet made fundamental contributions to the measurement of intelligence through devising a method for children with educational needs, especially for children with mental retardation and developmental delays.

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Binet collaborated with Theodore Simon to publish a 30-task scale of intelligence, varied in content and difficulty, which was designed to classify schoolchildren based on cognitive functioning and intellectual abilities

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1916 | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

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1916 | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

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Lewis Terman revised the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) based on the Binet-Simon scale to incorporate a ratio of mental age level to chronological age level.

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Robert Yerkes collaborated with psychologists, including Lewis Terman, to develop a group test for recruits in the U.S. Army – Army Alpha. The test emphasized on verbal skills to classify recruits in their personnel assignments.

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Robert Woodworth devised a personality test to determine Army recruits who are susceptible to emotional imbalance, they were deemed to be unfit to serve in the military forces.

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The formal Assessment in the Philippines started as a mandate from the government to investigate the educational status of the country. The first assessment was conducted through a survey authorized by the Philippine legislature in 1925.

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1926 | Philippine Studies in Mental Measurements

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1926 | Philippine Studies in Mental Measurements

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Manuel Carreon wrote about the psychological testing for Filipinos - the title of his

dissertation was Philippine Studies in Mental Measurement.

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1927 | Two-factor theory of intelligence

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1927 | Two-factor theory of intelligence

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Carl Spearman publishes a two-factor theory of intelligence in which he postulates the existence of a general intellectual ability factor and specific components of that general ability.

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The first psychological clinic in the Philippines was established by Sinforoso Padilla at the University of the Philippines in 1932.

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1940 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

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1940 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was published by Hathaway and McKinley to assess personality traits and psychopathology. It was devised to test who people who were susceptible to having mental health or other clinical issues

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1949 | The 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

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1949 | The 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

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Cattell developed the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF), it summarized personality characteristics into 16 sets which can be useful in predicting a person's behaviour in a variety of contexts.

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1955 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Tests

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1955 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Tests

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The first Wechsler Adult Intelligence Tests was published by David Wechsler. It was used to measure short-term memory with Digit Span and remote memory with Picture Completion and Information.

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1962 | Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

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1962 | Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

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Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Meyers established the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). It was devised to understand the personality differences within the general population. The MBTI assessment enlightens people on their strengths and weaknesses based on their personality.

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The Big Five / Five-Factor model of personality (FFM) is designed to represent the greatest possible variability in an individual's personality using only a small set of characteristic dimensions. This model uses all the important traits our language has developed into five dimensions. These traits are extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992; Widiger, 2001).

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1962 | Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)

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1962 | Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)

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The Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) was established in the Philippines. Committed to the advancement of psychology as a scientifically oriented discipline for human and social development through excellence in teaching, research, and practice.

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1975 | Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)

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1975 | Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)

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Virgilio Enriquez, known as the “Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino”, devised the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao, an indigenous personality test which focuses on the values, traits and behavioral dimensions related or meaningful to the study of Southeast Asian personality – Filipinos.

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1980 | Philippine Research and Training House

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1980 | Philippine Research and Training House

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Virgilio Enriquez also established the first Philippine Research and Training House in the Philippines.

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1983 | Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)

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1983 | Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)

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The Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP) was developed to assess the personality of Filipinos based in the nineteen (19) traits of the personality test. The test is intended for the age-range of 13 years and above, although usage has mostly been with adults.

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The 21st century marks the transition of Psychological testing from traditional methods to technologically advanced and internet-based types of testing. Measures have been regularly expanded and updated in a multitude of ways to keep up with changing times. The emergence of fast-paced technology paved the way for multiple opportunities for test development which simply wouldn't exist without technological advancements. The role of computers in today's time significantly improved the execution of psychological testing; hence, more sophisticated and

advanced psychometric techniques are now utilized. It is indeed a radical change from the traditional paper-and-pencil administration of most measures. Thus, technology, in general, has now become an integral part of the psychological testing process.

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Antonio, C. (2016). A Historical Account of Research in Filipino Psychology: Milestones, Methods, and Ethical Issues. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/30094314/A_Historical_Account_of_Research_in_Filipino_Psychology_Milestones_Methods_and_Ethical_Issues

Repaso, T. (2021, September 30). Tatlong Panukat: Filipino made Psychological Tests. Blogspot.com. http://psychometricpinas.blogspot.com/2015/06/tatlong-panukat-filipino-made.html

University of Santo Tomas Counseling and Career Center. (n.d.). History of Psychological Testing in the Philippines. Https://Drive.google.com/File/D/1zWlc57zNw7IH1TFPAIsLtky0e7v9kn1q/View?Usp=Sharing.

Whiston, S. C. (2017). Principles and applications of assessment in counseling (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yptnjSbtgYXSY_s86PsJjy0RF0fItvY8/view?usp=sharing

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PSY 3103-3_HISTORY OF PSY ASSESSMENT_GARAY,M.E.A_BS PSY 3-3.pdf