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Dubois is recognized as a forefather of the discipline, but also as one who introduced the study of African Americans rather than shaping sociology. Du Bois's own experience of Dubois illustrated the psycho-socio affects of racism by reflecting on his own experience of growing up Black in a white nation. "Double-consciousness" and "The Veil" are two strong concepts of sociology. The Veil describes how Black people see the world differently from whites, given how race and racism shape their experiences and interactions with others. The Veil prevents Black people from having true self-consciousness, but instead forces them to have double-consciousness. Double consciousness is where they have an understanding of themselves within society and their environment, but also must view themselves through the eyes of others who see them as inferior.

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He developed theories of social structure that included functionalism and a division of labor. He argued that society is a moral entity, not just a group of human beings acting in their rational self-interest.He argued that society is a moral entity, not just a group of human beings acting in their rational self-interest. They are very important contributions to sociology.

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It is an explanation of language development emphasizing the role of social interaction between the developing child and linguistically knowledgeable adults

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He sees social life as a competition and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality.
Conflict theorists view society as an arena of inequality that generates social conflict and social change. Karl Marx is considered the father of social conflict theory.

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It is a theory that focuses on the macro-level of social structure rather than micro-level of everyday life. (Marco-level sociology looks at large-scale social processes, such as social stability and change) (Micro-level sociology looks at small-scale interactions between individuals, such as conversation or group dynamics)

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He was one of the first to draw attention to social interactions, forming the individual, and a primary group. He wanted to know why people behave the way they do. The term "primary group"  means the first group a person is introduced to and is the most influential on our knowledge of ideas and beliefs. Cooley also noticed that the more a society became industrialized and based on technology, the more individualistic and independent the members became. Cooley then developed the theory of the looking glass self. This theory explains that we learn who we are through our interactions. This theory concludes that our self image comes from our self reflection, which is how others view us.

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Weber suggests that the technological and economic relationships that organized and grew out of capitalist production became themselves fundamental forces in society. Thus, if you are born into a society organized this way, with the division of labor and hierarchical social structure that comes with it, you can't help but live within this system. One's life and worldview are shaped by it to such an extent that one probably can't even imagine what an alternative way of life would look like.

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He established a conflict model of social system. He believed that class struggle played the pivotal role in the history of class-based hierarchical systems such as capitalism. This is very important because it was like a foundation to two main social groups, the labor and the capitalist. The labor are the people who earn their livelihood by selling their labor power and have little choice but to work for the capitalists. The capitalist group who get their income from the surplus value they appropriate from the labor who create wealth. The labor class is the lower class citizens who fall under the capitalist (higher class citizen).The capitalist are the higher class like the rich.This is like the class system, because we see people who fall under others as less,which is how the class system is set up.