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storing an exact copy of incoming information for a few seconds

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watching that "how much stuff can you stuff in a stuffie till your stuffies stuffed enough stuff" commercial one time and being able to remember it instantly because you can finally say a tongue twister

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shortest of our memories

staying true to the name, it holds sights, sounds, smells, textures, & other sensory info for a few seconds/fraction of a second

sensory memory is constantly being used

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unlimited capacity memory storage that can hold information for over lengthy periods of time

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being 16, but being able to remember that a kid threw up on you on your birthday party from when you turned 9

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long-term memory allows for humans to to store information based on the meaning & importance of the info

there are 2 types of long-term memory: explicit (conscious memories that includes our own personal experiences) & implicit (unconscious memories that we use without realizing we use them)

long-term memory is also the reason for 3 different operations: encoding, storage, & retrieval

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capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in ac active, readily available state for a short period of time

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remembering that you ate your brother's hot pocket for lunch yesterday and him screaming when he came home and saw that he had no hot pockets left

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you can hold about seven items in short term memory for 20-30 seconds

this capacity can be widened by separating information into "chunks" (ex. your phone number)

there are 3 types of short term memory: limited capacity (7 items stored at a time) limited duration (storage is fragile, so info can be lost if distracted) & encoding (acoustic memory)

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concentration on a piece of information, while ignoring other information

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focusing on your mom making her amazing grilled cheese sandwiches because you want to learn how to so you won't bother her when she's watching love and hip hop for a grilled cheese sandwich

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two different types of sources catch our attention: bottom-up sources (processing info as it's coming into our brains) and top-down sources (how we make use of that info)

multi-tasking is dividing your attention

very abrupt changes can change the direction of our attention

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the process of breaking down info into a form that we can understand

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five pages of a shakespeare play with eleven different characters are speaking in two paragraphs each-spark notes translates this into actual modern english and you encode all shakespeare was trying to say was that character #1's dog ran away

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there are 3 types of encoding

visual code : mental representation of information as a picture

acoustic code : mental representation of information as a sequence of sounds

semantic code : mental representation of information according to its specific meaning

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being able to access the information you processed during encoding (also known as remembering)

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coming to school one day and having a pop test in spanish then actually remembering that giant word with eighteen letters that you could not pronounce to save your life just means "shamelessly"

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retrieval is the last step in the learning process. the first two are encoding and then storage

there are 3 types of retrieval

recall : accessing information without cues (hints)

recognition : identifying information you learned after seeing it again

relearning : learning information you've already learned