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(PhysOrg.com) -- The Dutch national Rijksmuseum made an embarrassing announcement last week that one of its most loved possessions, a moon rock, is a fake -- just an old piece of petrified wood that's never been anywhere ...

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Curators at Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum, where the rock has attracted tens of thousands of visitors each year, discovered that the "lunar rock", valued at £308,000, was in fact petrified wood.

Xandra van Gelder, who oversaw the investigation, said the museum would continue to keep the stone as a curiosity.

"It's a good story, with some questions that are still unanswered," she said. "We can laugh about it."

The rock was given to Willem Drees, a former Dutch leader, during a global tour by Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin following their moon mission 50 years ago.

J. William Middendorf, the former American ambassador to the Netherlands, made the presentation to Mr Drees and the rock was then donated to the Rijksmuseum after his death in 1988.

"I do remember that Drees was very interested in the little piece of stone. But that it's not real, I don't know anything about that," Mr Middendorf said.

Nasa gave moon rocks to more than 100 countries following lunar missions in 1969 and the 1970s.

The United States Embassy in The Hague is carrying out an investigation into the affair.

Researchers Amsterdam's Free University were able to tell at a glance that the rock was unlikely to be from the moon, a conclusion that was borne out by tests.

"It's a nondescript, pretty-much-worthless stone," said Frank Beunk, a geologist involved in the investigation.

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'Moon rock' given to Holland by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin is fake

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Curators at Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum, where the rock has attracted tens of thousands of visitors each year, discovered that the "lunar rock", valued at £308,000, was in fact petrified wood. Xandra van Gelder, who oversaw the investigation, said the museum would continue to keep the stone as a curiosity.

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How Do We Know That It's a Rock from the Moon?

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Many people have approached us over the years wanting to know if a rock that they possess is a Moon rock. The most common story we hear is that the rock was given to a relative in the 1970's by an astronaut, a military person, or a NASA security guard.

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Stuff They Don't Want You to Know: When Governments Shut Down

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A government shutdown can be bad news for a country's leaders as well as its citizens. And government shutdowns have occurred before. So why do some pundits and theorists believe there's more to this story?

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The dead baby project

fstockfoto/Shutterstock Laughing at conspiracy theories is good fun-at least until they turn out to be true. Take the conspiracy surrounding the "Project Sunshine," for example. In the wake of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the U.S. government commenced a major study to measure the effects of nuclear fallout on the human body.

Conspiracy: The government was stealing dead bodies to do radioactive testing.

The truth: The government was stealing parts of dead bodies. Because they needed young tissue, they recruited a worldwide network of agents to find recently deceased babies and children, and then take samples and even limbs-each collected without notification or permission of the more than 1,500 grieving families.

Learn about this scary source of radiation you need to avoid.

Bad booze

The truth: Manufacturers of industrial alcohol had been mixing their product with dangerous chemicals for years prior to Prohibition. But between 1926 and 1933, the federal government pushed manufacturers to use stronger poisons to discourage bootleggers from turning the alcohol into moonshine. That didn't stop the bootleggers or their customers, and by the end of Prohibition, more than 10,000 Americans had been killed by tainted booze.

The first lady who ran the country

The truth: Wilson did suffer a debilitating stroke towards the end of his presidency-but the government felt it was in the country's best interest to keep things quiet. The public didn't learn about the stroke for months, during which time his wife, Edith Wilson, was making most executive decisions. Despite Mrs. Wilson claiming that she acted only as a "steward," historians who have analyzed the Wilson term in office confirm that for well over a year, Mrs. Wilson was effectively president.

Check out these inspiring quotes from impressive women.

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The Dalai Lama's impressive salary

The truth: Perhaps the reason the Dalai Lama is smiling in all those photos has something to do with the six-figure salary he pulled down from the U.S. government during the 1960s. According to declassified intelligence documents, he earned $180,000 in connection with the CIA's funding of the Tibetan Resistance to the tune of $1.7 million per year. The idea was to disrupt and hamper China's infrastructure.

Check out these wise quotes from the (very wealthy) Dalai Lama.

John Lennon was under government surveillance

The truth: They most certainly were. Like many counter-culture heroes, Lennon was considered a threat: "Anti-war songs, like "Give Peace a Chance" didn't exactly endear former Beatle John Lennon to the Nixon administration," NPR reported in 2010. "In 1971, the FBI put Lennon under surveillance, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service tried to deport him a year later."

Fake battle, real war

The truth: By the time news reached American ears, the facts surrounding the North Vietnamese attack on the American Naval ship Maddox were already fuzzy. Declassified intelligence documents have since revealed that the Maddox had provided support for South Vietnamese attacks on a nearby island and that the North Vietnamese were responding in kind, according to the U.S. Naval Institute. The event "opened the floodgates for direct American military involvement in Vietnam."

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The Illuminati and the U.S. government

The truth: We're here to tell you that a link does, in fact, exist. Of course, that "link" is actually a hyperlink (i.e., an electronic link between two Internet sites). If you type Illuminati backward-Itanimulli-into a web browser, you will land on the NSA website. Click this link if you dare: Itanimulli.com

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Conspiracy Theories That Turned Out to Be True | Reader's Digest

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fstockfoto/Shutterstock Laughing at conspiracy theories is good fun-at least until they turn out to be true. Take the conspiracy surrounding the "Project Sunshine," for example. In the wake of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the U.S. government commenced a major study to measure the effects of nuclear fallout on the human body.

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Paranoid about sexual orientation, the Canadian government hired a university professor to develop a machine that detected orientation in federal employees. The resulting machine measured pupil dilation, perspiration, and pulse in response to same-sex pornography. Those tested were told that the machine's purpose was to rate their stress levels, but the truth was that the government wanted to remove its gay employees. Subsequently, more than 400 men were excluded or fired from civil service, the military, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. More than 9,000 people were investigated.
Can't get enough of government conspiracy theories? Check out episodes of Conspiracy Theories, a new Parcast podcast where we cover such topics as Area 51, Chemtrails and Reefer Madness. Conspiracy Theories is a Parcast podcast where we tell the complicated stories behind the world's most controversial events and possible cover-ups. Conspiracy? Maybe. Coincidence? Maybe. Complicated? Absolutely. The truth is rarely the best story. And when it's not the only story, the truth deserves another look. New episodes are released every Wednesday, so be sure to subscribe!

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10 Government Conspiracy Theories Revealed to Be True

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Conspiracy theories can be intriguing, outlandish or even downright looney, but are they ever true? As it turns out, they can be. Let's take a look at a handful of examples of conspiracy theories that are rooted in truth. 1. The CIA developed a heart attack gun.

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On every anniversary of Apollo 11's lunar landing, the Moon hoax theorists are out in full force. And while scientists have refuted the hoaxers most common arguments like how the Apollo flags apparently wave in a vacuum, there's one interesting way to prove that we did in fact land on the Moon that we don't see all that often: the movement of dust kicked up by the lunar rover on Apollo 16.

Apollo 16 was the second Apollo mission to take a lunar rover to Moon. In April of 1972, Commander John Young and Lunar Module Pilot Charlie Duke spent a little more than 20 hours exploring the Moon's Descartes region. The rover allowed them to cover more ground than they would have been able to on foot, and also gave them a unique off-roading experience. Among the pictures and videos taken on the flight is one famous clip shot by Duke of Young driving the rover at top speed, kicking up regolith (or moon dust) in his wake. This is the "Grand Prix." But more than just making every Earth-bound human intensely jealous, the video offers interesting evidence that we did in fact land on the Moon.

The key is the trajectory of the dust as it flies up behind the lunar rover. That's what Hsiang-Wen Hsu and Mihály Horányi, two scientists at the Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, studied.

Hsu and Horányi started by breaking apart the footage of Apollo 16's Grand Prix into individual images such that each image corresponded to one frame of the video. From those images they chose two series that showed the rover driving at a constant rate and at a right angle relative to the camera. This gave them as close to a two dimensional plane as possible, turning the task of tracking dust into a simple matter of plotting the dust's movement against two axes rooted at the rover's rear fender. The horizontal axis extending behind the rover represented velocity and the axis extending vertically from the fender represented height.

Because the dust in the images is so fine it was impossible to track any individual grains. Instead, they used the top of the dust cloud as their marker. Tracking the movement of the dust cloud clearly shows characteristic rooster tails and not the simple parabolic arc of a dust cloud we would see produced by a rover driving through, say, dust on Earth. This specific rooster tail shape is contingent on the lunar environment: the initial velocity of dust particles based on the rover's speed, the gravitational field strength that is one-sixth what we have on Earth, and the complete lack of air resistance because the Moon has no appreciable atmosphere. Turning this visual data in to formulas allowed Hsu and Horányi to plot the movement of dust on a graph, turning the Grand Prix's rooster tails into a mathematical visualization.

So here's where this gets really interesting. Hsu and Horányi didn't stop after tracing the movement of lunar dust particles. They used the same formulas to plot the trajectories of dust particles on Earth, taking into account air resistance. And because air resistance affects particles of difference sizes so drastically, they took two values for their Earthly dust for good measure.

The two scientists plotted the movement of four particles on one graph, two in a lunar environment (the solid lines) and two in an Earthly environment (the dotted lines). The graph shows that in any environment the particles begin with the same initial velocity but their ballistic paths are very different. Air resistance on Earth drags particles down fairly quickly whereas on the Moon the lack of air resistance gives particles a longer trajectory.

Hsu and Horányi's results, specifically the lack of particles' deceleration along the x-axis of their coordinate system, could only be the case if Apollo 16's rover footage was filmed in a vacuum. A vacuum like you'd find on the lunar surface, for example, which couldn't exist on a sound stage on Earth.

_Speaking of lunar landings, I am currently "live" tweeting Apollo 11's mission, and the lunar landing is coming up this afternoon around 4pm EST with the EVA happening about three hours later. Follow me - @astVintageSpace - for blow by blow updates on the flight! _

_Source: Hsu and Horányi, "Ballistic motion of dust particles in the Lunar Roving Vehicle dust trails" American Journal of Physics, vol. 80, No. 5. A huge thanks to Mihály Horányi, who I met almost two years ago at UC Boulder LASP's New Media Workshop, for sending me this paper. It took me a while, but I finally wrote this article! _

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Proof we landed on the Moon is in the dust

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On every anniversary of Apollo 11's lunar landing, the Moon hoax theorists are out in full force. And while scientists have refuted the hoaxers most common arguments like how the Apollo flags apparently wave in a vacuum, there's one interesting way to prove that we did in fact land on the Moon that we don't see all that often: the movement of dust kicked up by the lunar rover on Apollo 16.

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Boston Celtics point guard Kyrie Irving recently closed the book on his dalliance with promoting flat-Earthism ( Earth is still round, by the way!) but perhaps he unwittingly started a new and unwelcome trend. On The Ringer's "Winging It" podcast, Golden State Warriors star Steph Curry, apropos of nothing, seemingly came out as a moon landing truther, wantonly asking his fellow basketball players around 46:46 mark, "We ever been to the moon?" Asked if he really didn't think humans landed on the moon, the two-time MVP doubled down and made his position clear.

It's totally possible Curry and co. were just goofing off, but it sure doesn't sound like he and the others were tongue-in-cheek. And if he was joking, the flames are already stoked-more people are bound to come out of the woodwork and say that they, too, believe the moon landings were faked. Anyone who's ever spent time on the internet should know that these gentlemen are far from alone in questioning the veracity of human spaceflight.

But the evidence that we went to the moon exists, and it's not all that complicated to understand. Here are 7 ways to prove humans have been to the moon and back.

We Have a Piece of the Moon Here to Study

Perhaps the most critical piece of evidence that tells us humans have been to the moon and back is the fact that we brought back samples of the moon to Earth, and they are very clearly unlike what we can find on our own planet. Throughout six different Apollo missions, NASA astronauts brought back about 842 pounds of moon rocks for scientists to study-the oldest of which are 4.5 billion years old, or 200 million years older than Earth's oldest rocks. Analyses and experiments have definitely shown over and over that these aren't geological materials you can just collect on the fly from Earth. They're almost completely void of volatiles (chemical elements and compounds with low boiling points found in terrestrial crust and atmosphere, like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, etc.), as well as hydrated materials. These rocks simply do not exist on the modern-day Earth.

You Can See The Landing Sites for Yourself

Even today, you can still spot the landing sites for the Apollo missions on the surface of the moon. Images collected by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbit (LRO) and published in 2011 sharply illustrate the touchdown points of the Apollo 12, 14, and 17 lunar landers as astronauts made their way to the ground, as well as the paths taken by those crews as they walked and rode around the surface of the moon. A year later, NASA went on to publish other LRO images of the old Apollo 11 site.

But wait, you say: what if the space agencies just faked those photos? Besides JAXA, plenty of other independent institutions outside of NASA, as well as amateur astronomers from around the world, have reported sightings of the remnants and signs of the past Apollo missions. If you have a pretty powerful telescope and a clear view of the full moon, you may have an opportunity to see the evidence of these missions yourself.

Regolith is Reflective

Moon landing conspiracy theorists love to pore over the photographic evidence collected during Apollo 11 and pinpoint parts of the photos that allegedly debunk the whole landing outright. One of these points is the fact that objects in the lunar module's shadow are illuminated, which means there must have been multiple light sources during the filming, instead of just the sun as we were were told-right?

Not quite. Lunar dust-regolith-is a reflective material, and sunlight bounces off of it like it would a mirror, lighting up any surrounding objects nearby. (You can understand this dynamic in better detail by viewing what graphics card maker NVIDIA did in 2014, when demonstrating the power of their latest products by creating new renderings of the Apollo 11 photographs.)

Somewhat relatedly, the existence of unparallel shadows in these photos has also often been an argument that multiple stage lights were used to film the footage. This is also easy to debunk since you can easily recreate this with an uneven surface on Earth.

The Stars Are Still Around

Another argument in favor of a fake moon landing is that there are no stars depicted in photos of the event. If the moon has no atmosphere, we should be able to see an entire sky lit up by distant stars, right? But that ignores some basic technological constraints behind photographing things on the moon. In such a dark background with objects so brightly lit by the sun, the aperture of the camera needed to be kept small in order to photograph the lander and the astronauts clearly and sharply, and not as blurred objects from the Blair Witch Project or something. This invariably leaves the camera unable to pick up on any faint starlight in the background sky.

Lunar Rovers Have Seen What Astronauts Have Seen

The same landscapes and scenes captured by the Apollo astronauts have also been captured in recent years by the robotic orbiters and rovers we've sent to the lunar surface. Japan's SELENE (Kaguya) orbiter, for instance, has been able to snap up images that, when put together, illustrate the base of the Apennine Mountains also photographed during Apollo 15.

The Flag Wasn't Moving

Perhaps one of the most talked about pieces of evidence to suggest the moon landing was faked has to do with the alleged movement of the flag. Footage of the U.S. flag moving after it was planted has always been cited as evidence that there's wind blowing through the cloth-wind that can't exist on the moon.

In truth, the flag is not flapping. It's disturbed as it's being planted, and those disturbances are causing ripples to move through the cloth-there's no denying that. It's not fluttering in the wind. NASA even has a gif that shows the flag still between two different images.

The flag is still up there-and looks like it's in a gust of wind, thanks to wires placed inside to keep the cloth upright-and it's been still for decades now.

The Retroreflectors Are Still There As Well

Laser ranging retroreflectors (LRRRs) are mirrors that were once used as targets for Earth-based lasers, as a part of NASA's Lunar Laser Ranging Experiments conducted during the Apollo program. (Russia also had a retroreflector experiment program as well.) Basically, you fire a laser at those objects and measures the time it takes for the laser to hit the reflectors and bounce back. The results of the those experiments allowed us to learn that the moon is spiraling away from Earth at about 3.8 centimeters per year; 20 percent of the inner core of the moon is probably liquid; and flesh out some nuances about how gravitational forces work, among other things. The results of those experiments could only be made possible by the installation of those reflectors on the lunar surface.

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7 easy ways you can tell for yourself that the moon landing really happened

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Boston Celtics point guard Kyrie Irving recently closed the book on his dalliance with promoting flat-Earthism ( Earth is still round, by the way!) but perhaps he unwittingly started a new and unwelcome trend.

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In all of human history, only 24 people have ever flown to the vicinity of the Moon, traveling hundreds of thousands of miles from Earth to do so. Twelve of those people, on six independent missions, actually set foot on the lunar surface. We've left flags, photographs, seismometers, mirrors, and even vehicles behind. We've brought back rocks, dirt, and literal pieces of the Moon upon our return to Earth.

These monumental moments in history, of landing on the Moon in the late 1960s and early 1970s, are not a part of the memories of the vast majority of people living today. Unsurprisingly, some of them are skeptical that it ever happened. Thankfully, in science, we don't need to be there ourselves to have proof. Here are four different pieces of evidence we can point to that demonstrate the Moon landings actually occurred.

1.) Lunar footprints. Here on Earth, footprints generally don't last very long. Wherever you leave your tracks, you fully expect that whether it takes minutes, days, or weeks, eventually the natural phenomena in the world will cover them up. Winds blowing along the sand dunes, rains in the forest, or plant and animal activity will eventually eliminate the evidence of your passing.

All of this happens for a variety of reasons, which include:

the fact that the Earth has an atmosphere,

that we have weather,

that we have liquid water at our surface,

and that we have living species on our world.

So if we walked on the Moon, we would expect those footprints to still be there.

Without winds, rains, snows, glaciers, rockslides, or any other means of moving and rearranging the particles on the surface of the Moon, any footprints that we left there should remain for an interminable length of time. The only rearrangement of lunar sand and grains that we know of occurs when there are impacts on the Moon which kick up dust, which then can settle across the lunar surface.

Sunlight striking these particles is inefficient; the lunar atmosphere is only approximately one atom thick; launch and lander activity isn't energetic enough to substantially alter the distribution of material on the Moon. If we ever landed and traveled on the Moon, the evidence should still be there.

NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has orbited and mapped the Moon at the highest resolution ever, returning hundreds of Terabytes of data, has something to say about that.

The orbiter's Narrow Angle Camera has photographed three of the landing sites: Apollo 12, 14, and 17, to unprecedented precision and accuracy. By going close to the lunar surface and photographing it with modern instruments from that low altitude, they were able to achieve resolutions as low as 35 centimeters (about 14 inches) per pixel.

The Apollo 12 image shows not only the physical landing site (marked "Intrepid Descent Stage" on the image), but also the Surveyor 3 probe that had been on the Moon since 1967, visited by the Apollo 12 astronauts two-and-a-half years later! There's the bright, white "L" shape near the ALSEP equipment label; the "L" is due to highly reflective power cables that run from the central station to two of its instruments.

And finally, the dark paths that look like dried-up canals? Those are astronaut footprints.

The view of Apollo 14 is less spectacular, but perhaps even more famous. You can still see the descent module and the ALSEP equipment, but nothing else leaps out at you. Well, except for the footpaths once again! Whose are they? Edgar Mitchell and the famed Alan Shepard.

Although we never found the golf balls that Alan proclaimed went "miles and miles" when he hit them with a 6-iron, we can absolutely see the evidence of the astronauts' presence left behind on the Moon, nearly 50 years later.

Apollo 17, where Eugene (Gene) Cernan and Harrison (Jack) Schmitt became the last men to walk on the Moon, paints a notably different picture at this high resolution. Yes, there's still the descent module on the surface, the ALSEP equipment and the footpaths. But look closer. There's also something marked "LRV" as well as a lighter set of two parallel tracks that run across the surface. Know what they are?

The Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle! Included on Apollo 15, 16, and 17, its tracks on the surface are distinctly different from human footprints, and allowed the astronauts on those missions to achieve distances far greater than those reached on the earlier missions. The tracks from Apollo 17's LRV don't even come close to fitting in this image; they extend for a total distance of over 22 miles, reaching a maximum range of nearly five miles away from the landing site!

2.) Over 8,000 photos documenting our trips. Perhaps we all need a reminder of what the sacrifices were that went into our journey to the Moon. We accomplished the unthinkable by banding together to achieve a common goal, and could do it all once again. NASA has released all the photos of the twelve Apollo missions that made it to space on a publicly available Flickr photostream, sorted into a series of incredible albums by mission.

Some of the greatest, most eye-opening photos, stories and quotes came back from those trips, including some from Apollo 8's Bill Anders, who took the famous "Earthrise" photos illustrated above. Anders described the journey to the Moon as follows:

You could see the flames and the outer skin of the spacecraft glowing; and burning, baseball-size chunks flying off behind us. It was an eerie feeling, like being a gnat inside a blowtorch flame.

3.) Scientific equipment we've installed on the Moon. Did you know that we brought up a large amount of scientific equipment and installed it on the lunar surface during the Apollo missions?

Lunar seismometers were installed by Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, and 16, with the most advanced ones transmitting data to Earth until 1977.

Apollo 11 installed the lunar laser ranging retroreflector array, which is still operational today, allowing us to reflect lasers off of it and measure the Earth-Moon distance to ~centimeter precision. (We also use Apollo 14, 15, and the Soviet Lunokhud 2 rover for this.)

The SWC experiment, to measure the solar wind composition from the Moon's surface.

The SWS experiment to measure the solar wind's spectra from the Moon.

The LSM experiment to measure the lunar magnetic field.

The LDD to measure how lunar dust would settle on and pollute solar panels.

And many others. That we have the data from these experiments, and that the lunar retroreflectors are still in use today, represent some pretty strong evidence that we did, in fact, land on the Moon.

4.) We brought back samples, and learned a ton about lunar geology from them. The final two astronauts to ever walk on the Moon, Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt, ran into quite a surprise when they did. Schmitt, the lone civilian-astronaut (and only scientist) to travel to the Moon, was often described as the most business-like of all the astronauts. Which is why it must have been such a shock to hear him exclaim the following:

Oh, hey! Wait a minute... THERE IS ORANGE SOIL! It's all over! I stirred it up with my feet!

The dull, grey lunar soil you're used to seeing - that we're all used to seeing - in one particular spot was only a very thin veneer, covering a rich, orange landscape beneath.

Like any good scientist, or any good explorer, for that matter, Cernan and Schmitt took pictures, collected data, and brought samples back to Earth for further analysis. What could cause orange soil on the Moon, perhaps the most featureless of all the large, airless rocks in our Solar System?

What the analysis back on Earth revealed was fantastic: this was volcanic glass. What occurred was that molten lava from the interior of the Moon erupted, some 3 to 4 billion years ago, up above the airless surface and into the vacuum of space. As the lava became exposed to the vacuum, it separated out into tiny fragments and froze, forming tiny beads of volcanic glass in orange and black colors. (The tin in some of the fragments is what gives the orange color.)

In 2011, reanalysis of those samples found evidence that water was included in the volcanic eruption: with concentrations of water in the glass beads that were formed 50 times as great as the expected dryness of the Moon. Olivine inclusions showed water present in concentrations up to 1,200 parts-per-million.

Most remarkably, the lunar samples we've found have indicated that Earth and the Moon have a common origin, consistent with a giant impact that occurred only a few tens of millions of years into the birth of our Solar System. Without direct samples, obtained by the Apollo missions and brought back to Earth, we never would have been able to draw such a startling, but spectacular, conclusion.

There are many different lines of evidence that point to humanity's presence on the Moon. We landed there and can see the evidence, directly, when we look with the appropriate resolution. We have extraordinary amounts of evidence, ranging from eyewitness testimony to the data record tracking the missions to photographs documenting the trips, all supporting the fact that we landed and walked on the lunar surface. We have a slew of scientific instruments that were installed, took data, and a few of which can still be seen and used today. And finally, we've brought back lunar samples and learned about the Moon's history, composition, and likely origin from it.

There are many ways to prove it, but the conclusion is inescapable: we really did land on the Moon, and we can validate it yet again by performing the right scientific test - through imaging or laser ranging - any time we want.

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Here's Your Proof That We Landed On The Moon, Steph Curry

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In all of human history, only 24 people have ever flown to the vicinity of the Moon, traveling hundreds of thousands of miles from Earth to do so. Twelve of those people, on six independent missions, actually set foot on the lunar surface. We've left flags, photographs, seismometers, mirrors, and even vehicles behind.

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No lunar meteorite has yet been found in North America, South America, or Europe.

Curators at Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum, where the rock has attracted tens of thousands of visitors each year, discovered that the "lunar rock", valued at £308,000, was in fact petrified wood.

Researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam immediately doubted the rock was from the moon, and began extensive testing. The tests concluded the rock was petrified wood. U.S. embassy officials were unable to explain the findings, but are investigating.

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CIA project Operation Mockingbird spied on members of the Washington press corps in 1963, 1972 and 1973.

According to Bernie Sanders "A handful of billionaires can threaten any member of the house with defeat by pouring unlimited sums of money if they vote a certain way."

The CIA was testing LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs on Americans in a top-secret experiment on behavior modification.

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Even today, you can still spot the landing sites for the Apollo missions on the surface of the moon.

The most recent venture to the moon included a geologist/astronaut noticing orange soil that he brought back to the earth for testing.

Astronauts have brought back moon rocks and dust for examining and research.

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How do we really know that moon rocks are from the moon?

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What other lies are the government telling us?

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What evidence does the government have to prove that we actually landed on the moon?

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I am going to prove that the moon landing was fake so that we can stop living under the lies of the government and stop wasting money on space research.

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I am working on the topic: Lamborghini's

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8 Reasons Supercars Are So Damn Expensive

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Hundreds of thousands of dollars for a car?

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i am working on the topic: The ocean

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It may seem crazy, but we know more about the surface of Mars than we do about the ground beneath our oceans. Yet beneath the sea is a whole underwater landscape with valleys, mountains and even volcanoes. So what is stopping us? Why haven't we discovered more yet?
Out of sight, out of mind

As a rule, we are more inquisitive about things we often see but do not fully understand, than we are about things we rarely see at all.

It is quite easy to forget that there is a world under our oceans, whereas the Moon shining brightly in the sky taunts us into wanting to find out more.

While this certainly plays a part, it is not the whole story...

Scientists use a technique called radar to work out the Earth land topography. Radar works by sending beams of radio waves from a satellite down to the Earth's surface and measuring the time taken for them to bounce back. By doing this repeatedly, in slightly different locations scientists can build a detailed picture of elevation.

When it comes to the topography beneath the Earth's oceans, things become a little trickier. Seawater blocks the radar waves, stopping them from ever reaching the sea floor at all. This gives scientists details information about the height of the surface of the water, but not the sea floor itself.

However, all is not lost.

The height of the sea surface does provide some clues to what is going on beneath it. For example, a large undersea mountain will cause the sea's surface above it to bump slightly. In contrast, the sea above an ocean trench will have a measurable dip.

By using this information scientists have been able to produce a complete map of the sea floor giving us a glimpse of the land beneath our oceans.

Something doesn't quite make sense. If we have a complete map of the sea floor, how can we still know more about Mars?

Well the answer lies in the detail.The resolution of the Earth's ocean floor map is only about 5 km (5,000 m). This means that any features smaller than 5 km cannot be seen. And if we can't see it, we do not know it is there. 5 Km is quite a large distance. If you think about how much topography you can cover on a 5 km walk in the countryside, it is clear that there is a lot of missing information in these maps.

Despite Mars being millions of kilometres away it is easier to measure its topography than it is to measure the topography of the sea floor on our own planet. As a result, a complete map of Mars exists at a resolution of 500 m! It is this level of detail that means we know more about Mars than we do the Earth's ocean floor.

We do have higher resolution images for specific places on the Earth's ocean floor. These have been obtained by sending boats out with sonar measuring equipment to directly measure the elevation of the seafloor. This is time consuming and expensive work and is often only conducted to fulfil a specific need.

One of these needs was the search for the missing Boeing 777 aircraft operating Malaysia airlines flight MH370 in 2014. The maps generated from this search are now available to the public and can be found here.
In our world of satellite images, internet access and smartphones and it is easy to think that we have explored every corner of the Earth. But more than 70 % of the Earth is covered in ocean. That is more than 70 % of an underwater world waiting to be discovered.

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It may seem crazy, but we know more about the surface of Mars than we do about the ground beneath our oceans. Yet beneath the sea is a whole underwater landscape with valleys, mountains and even volcanoes. So what is stopping us? Why haven't we discovered more yet?

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i am working on the topic: The moon landing conspiracy
because i want to find out the truth
so that I can help others understand the truth

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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, NASA launched the Apollo missions to the moon that ultimately landed 12 astronauts on the lunar surface in a series of historic missions. Or did they?

Actually, yes, NASA did. But that hasn't stopped conspiracy theorists from maintaining that humans never set foot on the lunar surface, and that the entire effort was massively staged event for the world to see.

Take a look at some of the wildest Apollo moon hoax claims, and the real science that debunks them.

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Apollo Moon Landing Hoax Theories That Won't Die

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NASA Apollo moon missions really did land 12 astronauts on the lunar surface in the 1960s and 1970s, but that hasn't stopped conspiracy theories from flying. See the top 10 Apollo moon hoax claims and the science that debunks them.