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Portuguese purchase the first captives on the African Coast- 1440s-50’s 

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Portuguese purchase the first captives on the African Coast- 1440s-50’s 

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1492
Where: To the Western Hemp.
Who: Christopher Columbus
Why: To exchange goods and slaves
So what: The Columbian Exchange was a system that enabled the transportation of goods, and more importantly slaves. This helped in the spread of slavery in the Western Hemisphere.

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1st phase of Slavery- Western Hemisphere 

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1st phase of Slavery- Western Hemisphere 

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1502-1650
Where: Western Hemisphere
Why: To focus on conversion of slaves brought to the western hem., as well as due to the discovery of main cash crop tobacco plantations.
So What: This begins the spread of slavery, essentially, in the Western Hemisphere during the 16th century.

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Hernan Cortes begins conquest to mainlands of Mexico

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Hernan Cortes begins conquest to mainlands of Mexico

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1519
Who: Hernan Cortez
Where: Mainlands of Mexico
Why:
So what: An expedition led by Cortes caused the fall of the Mexica empire. This led to what’s known as main land Mexico to come under Spanish control. By 1521, the Mexica empire fell for good and the Spanish returned to Spain with lots of gold.

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1519
Who: indigenous Mexica woman Malinali (also known as La Malinche), Hernan Cortez
Where: mainlands of Mexico
Why: slave woman was given to Hernan Cortes, became their sexual partner and later wife and mother of child; as well as a translator of indigenous languages and advisor.
So what: This goes to show how after being given a slave, Cortes used them to their benefit as they were key to how the Spanish would expand their conquests in Mexico, making it easier for them to further understand and communicate with these indigenous populations to earn their trust.

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Francisco Pizzaro crosses Isthmus of Panama, sails to Incan Empire

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Francisco Pizzaro crosses Isthmus of Panama, sails to Incan Empire

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1531
Where: Incan Empire, Peru
Who: Francisco Pizzaro, Spanish conquistador
Why: Came to Incan Empire is search for riches
So what: After the arrival of Pizzaro and his men in the middle of the Inca civil war, they kidnap the Incan ruler and holds him hostage for gold. This resulted in the execution of the ruler, enabling the Spanish to take control. This is significant, as it shows the extent Europeans went to in order to show some sense of power and control over the indigenous people.

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1541

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1570s
Who: Spanish, Incas
Where: Inca Empire, Peru
Why: To finally defeat Inca Empire and take control
So what: It wasn't until the 1570s that the Inca Empire gets defeated for good, as the Spanish were not able to succeed against them. After having established base in the City of Lima, this finally lead to the defeat of the Inca Empire.

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1585
Where: Roanoke Colony, North Carolina
Who: British
Why: To establish colony, conquer territory
So what: The English establish the colony of Roanoke. However, eventually the colonists were killed by the Natives, and this resulted in the elimination of this English colony.

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17th Century
Where: Virginia, Guyanese Coast, Fort Orange (Albany), City of Quebec
Who: British, French, Dutch.
Why: As Europeans had access to water, these regions were then very accessible to conquest to.
So what:  the 17th century suggests how successful other European countries have become in the sense that they’ve been able to conquer many territories in the Western Hemisphere, which essentially enabled the spread of slavery.

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1607
Where: Jamestown, Virginia
Who: British
Why: To conquer territory, development of plantations.
So What: After having settled in Jamestown, the idea of plantations began to flourish, as tobacco was the cash crop of this colonial economy. This called for more slaves, as they were required to work the tobacco plantations.

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1608
Where: City of Quebec, Canada
Who: French
Why: To colonize and settle in the City of Quebec
So what: Was one of many successful European conquest of territories in the Western Hemisphere during the 17th century

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1616
Where: Guyana (Guyanese Coast...)
Who: Dutch
Why: To establish trading post
So What: Although the Dutch initially came for the purpose of establishing a trading post, it became more focused on the conquest of territories, as other Europeans were becoming successful at this in the Caribbean. The Dutch soon began to realize how much they would profit off of agriculture, this then led to the developments of plantations and agricultural labor, which required more slaves to work them. However, as these jobs were very difficult for them this was one of the main causes of the decline of the slave population during the 17th century.

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1624
Where: Fort Orange (Present day, Albany, New York)
Who: Dutch
Why: To establish trading post
So What: Because of the location of Fort Orange, this made it beneficial to the Dutch as trading would now become more efficient because of the location of this established trading post. Due to slave trade slaves were also being imported to Fort Orange, still spreading..

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Dutch in Brazil, Reclaimed by the Portuguese 

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Dutch in Brazil, Reclaimed by the Portuguese 

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1625
Where: Brazil
Who: Dutch, Portuguese
Why: To conquer Brazil
So what: Slaves were also being imported here, in Brazil. The Dutch arrived to Brazil with the intention of colonizing and immigrating to these lands. However, the Portuguese was able to reclaim this land with the help of the Spanish. This signifies the extents European powers went to in order claim power over Western territories.

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English take Jamaica, French take part of Hispaniola

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English take Jamaica, French take part of Hispaniola

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1650

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1650- 1739
Where: Western Hemisphere
Why: Cash Crops! Sugar discovered to be a very valuable cash crop, this called for more plantations which were associated with sugar.
So what: Europeans began to find much more valuable cash crop, initiating a second phase of slavery to commence. Because sugar plantations were called for this created a bigger increase in demand for slaves, as they were essential to the Europeans to work the fields. Thus this begins the second phase of slavery.

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1660’s
Where: Western Hemisphere
Who: the slave population within/brought into the Western Hem.
Why: Because of the many diseases brought by the Europeans, as well as the fact that the labor jobs/conditions were brutal.
So what: This is significant as it shows through the spread of slavery, the slave population itself greatly declines the more they remained under European control in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the due to the increase in demand for slavery..