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British North America (BNA) Act Section 91( 24) "Indians and lands reserved for Indians"

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�The government wanted to “civilize” and assimilate them into Canadian society.  The Act imposed several restrictions on First Nations peoples in order to meet these goals.  The Indian Act was not part of treaties.

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�Defining who “Indians” were

�Providing for enfranchising First Nations people

�Administering reserve lands

�Managing sales of timber

�Administering band moneys

�Determining leadership process (Chief and Council)

�Regulating intoxicants

�Prohibitions of certain activities

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�The Gradual Civilization Act assumed that if First Nations’ peoples owned individual property, they would become industrious and self-reliant.

�The Enfranchisement Act increased the degree of government control of on-reserve systems.  There was to be very little meaningful FN participation in their own government.

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Compulsory for certain people:

•FN women marrying non-FN men

•Children of FN women and non-FN men

•People who lived off the reserve for more than five years

•People who had obtained higher education

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Mr. Scott was Superintendent General of Indian Affairs�he said, "Our object is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic and there is no Indian Question.”

�Unfulfilled Treaty promises

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�1894 – compulsory for FN children to go to residential schools- The goals were to ‘Christianize’ and ‘civilize’ these children.  The churches ran these schools.  Parents were faced with fines or jail sentences if they tried to prevent their children from being removed from their homes.

�The last residential school in Canada closed in 1996

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�By 1880 the Department of Indian affairs was created to administer the Canadian Government's responsibilities under the Indian Act.  Indian agents controlled every aspect of First Nation peoples' lives.  They were given judicial powers as Justices of the Peace.

�Indian agent’s vote superseded Chief and Council

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�The system of Chief and Council replaced traditional forms of government.  Added to the Indian Act - Sections 61-63.  These new band governments were made to enforce the rules and regulations created under the Indian Act.

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�Pass System – not allowed to leave the reserve without permission from the Indian Agent

�Permit System – not allowed to sell goods without permission of Indian Agent (livestock, wood, hay personal possessions)

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. The systematic continual racism towards all First Nation people, through the legal systems, courts front line police, border crossing. Health, education systems, all systems and services we are exposed to daily. Sadly this mind set is engraved into main stream society and passed on to immigrants entering our lands.

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They had total control under rule of Government. Not under rule of Nation to Nation understanding and respect. They over-watched every thing relating to any daily life for all Natives.

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Intention; was to specifically target the youth of the Indian people to eliminate any future growth of any means of lineage or claim to anything.

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Suppression of the economies of state of the people and any future holdings. And making all generations to follow WARDS of the government. Not under the authority Ordained by God, under the Crown and Queen.

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in addittion, no