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-caused by feudal lords, weak economy, weak military
- caused the end of the feudal lords' fighting the shogunate to come to power, the ban on foreign trade and Christianity, and stabilized economy
Meiji
- Caused by corruption, social inequalities, west countries' interference

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Started with the gaining of rights through voting and then Slowly getting more and more power and rights still very active today in rights for pregnancy

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Sugar act
Currency act
Stamp act
Declaratory act

Colonies were mad at British parliament

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Changing of how human Fit into the world created and discussed by European intellects and elites

Europe was unique from Asia or the Middle East

Developed elaborate legal system that was distinct from the Catholic Church

Development of large Universities that were largely autonomous

Puled heavily

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Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther 1483-1546

Pope Leo X (1513-1521) Pope at the time of Reformation extravagant/loved the arts, put the church in great debt

Bible should be interpreted according to one's conscience

Went against needing the authority of the Church only need the bible

Women's roles did not change much from the Catholic Church- closed convents promoted reading the bible

Protestantism divided into many sects

Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, Anabaptist

Resulted in dramatic religious conflicts throughout Europe

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Protestant Reformation continued into COUNTER REFORMATION

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Protestant Reformation continued into COUNTER REFORMATION

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TRYING TO CORRECT ACCUSATIONS
Huguenots= protestant minority in France

Catholics found and killed huguenots

30 years  war 1618-1648=-30 Catholic- Protestant struggle that began in Holy Roman Empire, but spread to all of Europe

15-30% of Germans perished from violence, famine or disease

Counter-Reformation= Catholics clarified and reaffirmed  their unique doctrines

Schism- protestants split off from Catholics

Focused on individual spirituality and personal piety

Jesuits= religious group dedicated to the renewal of the Catholic Church

Power overall kings of Europe

1/3 of land owned

Social and political power of Europe

Education option

Martin Luther Says to rely on Faith and the bible for your beliefs

Faith Alone

Reformation

Breaks away from the church

Sacraments are unnecessary

Priests and pope

the printing press has a huge impact on society

Wrote the bible in common language German

Stated that people could interpret the bible in their own opinion and it would be the same as the clergy

The land that was earned from breaking away from the church

Protestant Reformation

Has to do with Protest and Reform

Change in beliefs

Power struggle between churches and kings

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Renaissance

Cultural renewal

Individual

Human thought

Art based on those things

Humanists focused on idividual

Putting humans in the center

The only reason that Italy could participate was because of money from trade so that they could participate in art

Discoveries in this time period come from islam in the middle east

A concept help up by a small percent of the wealthy (the elite)

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American food crops like potato, corn, and peanuts will supplement traditional African crops like bananas and rice and millet

Steady population expansion as a result of better diets takes place in Sub-Saharan Africa

Women were sought after for the trans- Saharan trade to serve in harems. Men were sought after for trans- Atlantic slave trade to work on plantations

TRIANGULAR TRADE

EUROPE TO AFRICA AFRICA TO AMERICA AMERICA TO EUROPE

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1. The Dutch   and  British   overtook the Portuguese in Indian Ocean Commerce

2. These two countries set up colonial rule in parallel areas, often allowed to use Violence   to make native population comply

They were given trading monopolies as well as pwer ot make war

1. The Dutch had a large monopoly  on the spice islands. The English had to find commerce elsewhere.

2. The English found commerce and trade in what country

India (3 major trading posts- Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras)

Secured trading posts with approval of Mughal Authorities

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Eastern Europe to China

Abundance of resources wanted by Europeans (spices, indian cotton, rhubarb, emeralds rubies saphires)

Large empires learning to tax more effectively and grow their military

England spain netherlands became center for international commerce

Many European goods were not wanted or needed in the East

Pushed the need to pay for Muslims/Eastern Countries in cash

1. Trading Post empire= controlling commerce/ trade by use of force, not necessary populations or large areas of land

2. Tried to control the SPICE Trade, but never were able to control more than 1/2

3. Instead of selling European goods, they sold Asian goods  and their  Shipping   services to the people of India and Asia

4. By  1600    (What year?) the Portuguese trading post empire was in  Steep decline

About a 100 year success before steep decline

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Fur trade is a very important point into the transition of development of unity. Fur became of great value in Europe, but also in Russia. As the value rose, natives of north america started to hunt many of the native animals like wolfs and bears. Europeans would provide the weapons and supplies where the natives would apply their general knowledge.

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- Once Colonization began and the Europeans started to maintain more land in the west slave trade started to begin. This was a very difficult time because in the Spanish colonies a lot of the natives died because of disease which led to more slaves being brought in. This lead to the growth of the slave trade. The labor intensive work became horrendous.

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- the worst of things that was being was exchanged was disease which was deadly to the west many were killed and

On occasion of the 1992 which was the 500 anniversary of Christopher Columbus people echoed the same remarks.

A century earlier everything was completely different people were shouting Columbus is brave and columbus is a "pioneer of progress and enlightenment" " express honor to the discoverer and their appreciation of the great achievements of the four completed centureier of American life"

This reminds us, "That the past is as unpredictable as the future" (VERY TRUE)

He only traveled on 3 small ships

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It all started out when Columbus started to travel over to north america. This began the curiosity of nations and cultures. Religions began to develop and evolve as well. This played a huge part of the differentiation between cultures

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Although they are very similar and often hard to differentiate but if you are the genius i know you are you will study this padlet and know this very well