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The Hudson River PCB Contamination occurred through 1947 to 1977 on the Hudson River. General Electric polluted the Hudson River by discharging PCB's causing harmful effects on wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink from the river. Mercury was another pollution that occurred in the Hudson River. However, there were activists that protested in various ways. Remediation actions began in 1970 with the implementation of wastewater discharge permits and consequent reduction of wastewater discharges, and sediment removal operations.

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The Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone is at the mouth of the Mississippi River and goes towards the Texas coast in 2017. The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is an area of hypoxic waters. The dead zone was caused by nutrient enrichment from phosphorous and nitrogen. Most of the nitrogen comes from major farming cities. Algal blooms occur from this as well. This alters the food chain. This also effects hurricanes and flooding. To remediate the dead zone we need to use fewer fertilizers, control animal waste, and limit discharge of nutrients, organic matter, and chemicals from manufacturing cities.

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Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination 

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Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination 

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The Coal Ash Pond Drinking Water Contamination occurred in North Carolina in 2015. Duke Energy leaked coal ash sites across North Carolina. Health officials told residents it might not be safe to drink the water. The coal ash contains many heavy metals such as chromium, cobalt, and vanadium. Heavy chromium can cause cancer to human beings. Duke Energy dumped millions of pounds of vanadium in their unlined ponds. The water killed many wildlife and fish as well as poisoning it too. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the White House has done very little to protect the waters we drink from coal ash contamination.

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The Milwaukee Disease Outbreak occurred in Wisconsin during 1993. Cryptosporidium was distributed within the water. This was the largest waterborne disease in history. Howard Avenue Water Purification Plant was contaminated and showed that turbidity levels were above normal. It was one of two treatment plants in Milwaukee. It was suspected that the cause was through cattle genotype due to runoff from pastures. It lasted from March 23 to April 8. After, the plant was shut down. 1.61 million residents contracted illnesses from stomach cramps, fever, diarrhea, and dehydration.

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The Elk River Chemical spill occurred on January 9, 2014 in West Virginia. MCHM was released from Freedom Industries facility into the Elk River. After the spill, 300,000 residents within 9 counties were without access to potable water. The company leaked around 7,500 gallons into the ground of the Elk River. There was no apparent affect on the aquatic life in the Elk River. No fish were killed during this spill. For 5 days, the residents were required to not drink any of their water from that river.

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The Woburn, Massachusetts Water Contamination was in Woburn, Massachusetts during the 1970's. Many children fell ill and eventually died. It turned out that the reason for the children getting sick and dying was caused by two public wells that were contaminated with toxic chemicals from industrial waste. Several barrels of chemicals had been dumped near Aberjona River. The river was tested and the results came back as it having TCE and other industrial byproducts. The wells were closed immediately. This hurt families and resulted in deaths of many children during the 1970's.

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On June 22, 1969 was the day that the Cuyahoga River fire started in Ohio. There was oil slicked debris floating which were ignited by sparks from a passing train. The fire reached over five stories high. Congress passed the National Environmental Policy which helped establish the EPA which would manage environmental risks and regulate sanitary policies. Their were 13 other fires along with this one because the river is so polluted.

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Pacific Gas and Electric Chromium Contamination 

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Pacific Gas and Electric Chromium Contamination 

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The Pacific Gas and Electric Chromium Contamination occurred from 1952 to 1966 in Hinckley, CA. The Pacific Gas and Electric Company dumped around 370 million gallons of chromium tainted wastewater into other wastewater spreading ponds around the town. This created groundwater pollution. This ruins another source of water that the humans could use for something important. By 2013, over 750 million dollars was spent on cleaning up the contamination. It took over 40 years to cleanup fully.

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The love canal contamination occurred near Niagara Falls during the 1940's and 1950's. The Hooker Chemical Company dug a canal to dump chemical waste. After a period of time, there was around 21,000 tons of toxic chemicals. Later in time, the chemical waste would seep into people's basements. Trees and gardens began to die and peoples shoes and bikes disintegrated in noxious puddles. During this time, many people suffered health problems, such as, miscarriages, birth defects, and chromosome damage. The clean up was finally finished in 2004.

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The Gold King Mine spill occurred in Silverton, Colorado in 2015. The personnel are to blame for the spill because they caused the release for toxic wastewater into the the Animas River watershed. It spilled over 3 million gallons of mining waste water and tailings, including the metals cadmium and lead. The river was closed for recreation until August. Their were 6 big metals within the water, these hurt the animals that lived in the river because it made the water hard to live in. It caused many of them to die. It also caused the people to not use that water source which would cut off a good water supply.

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In the early 1980's a Marine Corps Base Camp in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with industrial solvents TCE and PCE. Both TCE and PCE are known to be toxic for both animals and humans. These contaminants were found in wells. This created great risks for the people because it would cause disease. The people then went to Congress and had an evaluation over the water. They realized it would address to health risks for all the people.

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The Exxon Valdez tanker was a man made disaster. The tanker spilled over 11 million gallons of crude oil into the waters of Alaska. This occurred in March 24, 1989. It was the worst spill of that time. It covered 1,300 miles of coastline and killed many animals including whales, otters, seals, and seabirds. Nearly 30 years later, pockets of crude oil still remain. Before the spill, the tanker was on its way to Long Beach, California. They were on their way and came across Bligh Reef, which tore open to bottom of the ship and released the oil. This caused the spill. Some of the oil is still present today in little bits.

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The deepwater horizon spill happened in 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico by Louisiana. It was the largest marine oil spill in history. It was caused by an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. This is a nonpoint source. It hurt the marine life from the oil contaminating their homes and how they were able to survive in harsh conditions. By October, the waters were judged to be safe. After this spill, their became many protests to prevent such things happening ever again.