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This music video also tends to allude to or simply just refer to other artist for a variety or different reasons.

- The "RIP Lil Peep" lyric was the artist paying respect towards one of the few artists who "was the closest thing this generation has to a kind of Punk"

- Paying homage to Michael Jackson in the music video was probably used to refer back to the times when music was in its prime and the world wasn't facing significant social and political issues.

- "Thank you Kanye, very cool!" was a tweet by Donald Trump, replying to Kanye West after he defended him through a Twitter post. The reason as to why he may have linked to Kanye West could be to share his disappointment with the viewer as he may have looked up to Kanye West and is dissapointed to see him defending Donald Trump. Another reason as to why he linked to this artist could be to show how people with enough power (such as Trump) can easily brush off all of the issues.

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Expanding and Consolidating the Song's Meaning

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Expanding and Consolidating the Song's Meaning

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The music video further interprets and broadens the viewer's understanding of the song lyrics because we see David Bowie struggling to perform and to move, uses his death bed as a setting, has his eyes covered while on his bed in the video and goes into his closet at the end.
This shows that the main purpose of the music video was to reinforce the meaning of the song lyrics and to add on to the experience of listening to the song; make it more emotional for the viewer.

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The 1975 - Love It If We Made It (Official Video)

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Allusion in music videos is when the song refers to certain ideas and themes.

Music Videos such as "Love It If We Made It" allude to several ideas and themes such as:

- Anti trump sentiments
- "Thank You Kanye, Very Cool"; referencing to Kanye West's decision to support Trump
- The Controversy surrounding Harvey Weinstien
- Lil Peep is used politically; similar target audience
- Homage paid to Michael Jackson by performing his signature dance moves
- The refugee crisis
- Police brutality
- The Black Lives Matter movement
- Multi Culturism
- Modernism
- Existentialism
- Nihilistic view of the world
- A cry for peace and for humanity to be restored
- Fossil fueling; they are vastly running out, and when they’re burned they release greenhouse gases which severely damage the environment.

The entire song is essentially a beacon of hope that tackles several controversial worldwide issues and pays homage to multiple people. This song consists of endless references to controversial social and political concerns that point to a trend of regression leading to dark times. While current situations may seem hopeless, the song chorus repeatedly says “I’d love it if we made it”, offering a hopeful and optimistic message of finding a light at the end of the tunnel.

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Key Lyrics in the song include David Bowie singing:

- "Look up here, I'm in heaven"; Bowie is accepting that he is dying, and implying that he has given up and no longer has the energy to fight off his death.

- "Oh, I'll be free, Just like that bluebird"; these lyrics could suggest that Bowie was almost looking forward to death because it will release him from all of the pain and suffering that he has endured after being diagnosed with cancer. He compares being free from his pain and suffering to a bluebird because in many cultures that date thousands of years ago, bluebirds symbolise and are the harbinger of happiness.

Whilst he's laying in his bed singing, there are several high angle/bird's eye view shots which makes the viewer look down on Bowie. This could've possibly been done to foreshadow the fact that he's going to be placed in a coffin and buried underground. Bird's eye view shots can also sometimes be used to show someone's insignificance because this shot allows the viewer to look down on a person, so the numerous bird's eye view shots could suggest that once he dies, him and his music will gradually grow to become less important and be forgotten.

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Mabel - Don't Call Me Up (Official Video)

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This is a post-production technique where two layers of images or composited based on colour hues.

The advantages of using Chroma key are that:

- It allows you to use a green screen
- It supports CGI
- Can change locations
- Save travel costs

"Countdown" uses Chroma key because we see Beyonce in different colour palettes and the Andy Warhol Pop Art.

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Camera shots that are commonly used in music videos include close-up shots, long shots, high angle shots, zooms, panning and tilts.

- Close-up shots often show the artist looking directly at the camera and selling the song to the audience
- Long shots to show the environment and setting
- High angle shots are used to achieve a sense of scale and atmosphere
- Zoom shots are used to zoom into and focus the viewer's attention on something key

"Countdown" uses a wide variety of the camera shots and angles; sometimes they cut to the next camera shot/angle in sync with the song beat. The fast pace at which these camera shots cut at could also be to symbolise how thrilled and excited she is about her love for her husband Jay Z and her soon to be child becuase she was pregnant at the time.

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Multi-images in music videos is when there is more than one shot displayed on the screen.

This technique is used in music videos because:

- It gives the viewer more to consume
- It is a visual overload
- Sometimes music videos use this technique to tell a narrative

An example could be the countdown motif that we see in "Countdown" by Beyonce because all throughout the music video, the screen is divided into a variety of different bits as we see multiple images of Beyonce, sometimes dressed in different outfits. The constant change in camera shot and the different stuff happening in each shot work successfully in both grabbing and maintaining the viewer's attention.

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Lip Syncing is mouthing the lyrics to a song as opposed to actually singing them and using your voice. An artist must be convincing whilst lip syncing so it looks like they're actually singing and that the music video in which they're lip syncing in is synchronised with the audio.

Artists lip sync for music videos for better audio quality and so that they can record the actual singing in a recording booth using professional sound recording equipment. Lip Syncing also makes it easier to the cut the performance and singing live could alter the song.

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Effects that are commonly used in music videos are colour correction, tinting, CGI, transitions and hyper editing.

These effects are often used because they're visually pleasing to the eye and in tandem with the song. Examples of songs that have used effects such as the ones listed above could be:

- "Countdown" by Beyonce where we see an Andy Warhol Pop Art colour palette
- The music video is Mabel Mcvey's "Don't Call Me Up" uses hyper editing because it constantly cuts to different locations to maintain the viewers' attention and interest because looking at the same thing for a long time can become boring

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Cutting to the beat in a song is when the pace in which shots change at in the music video are synchronised with the beat of the song.

Cutting to the beat is used in music videos for various reasons and purposes such as:

- To make the viewer focus on both the music video and the song
- To add rhythm
- Aural visual experience
- More engaging and adds to the experience of listening to the song

An example of a song that is synchronised with its music video and cuts to the beat could be "Countdown" by Beyonce because Beyonce singing key lyrics and the clicking of her fingers are synchronised with the countdown in the music video. After each countdown, Beyonce also changes outfits which adds a layer of meaning to the song. It pays homage to several films such as Funny Face, which also explains why she is seen dressed in multiple different outfits.