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A successful virus created by the USA and Israel. The goal of stuxnet was to target Iran's nuclear weapon program.

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A website or application where people can collectively share thoughts/ideas, photos, etc.

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A computer user who is really efficient in computer programming. It can also be used in a negative connotation as someone who uses those skills to (usually break past security systems, and) get information.

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Whistleblowers reveal the wrongdoings of an organizations, and this can be used by those who need back up for claims or things like "wikileaks".

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Bullying online is used to humiliate others by persistent texting, over the internet, and other forms of electronic communication.

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Done by people online, is often used to get money or "favors" from others.

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A type of nonrenewable resource that- at this moment- is recognized for the increase in (human caused) climate change.

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An agreement with almost global support that was created with the purpose to 1) reduce greenhouse gas emissions and 2) give "climate finance" which is an aid to developing countries.

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The increase in greenhouse gases -caused by humans more recently- that causes extreme weather changes. These climate changes happen over a period of time (even decades).

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Renewable energy is energy resources that can't be exhausted by use.

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The restriction of trade between two countries.

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The Standard of Living is the level of comfort and necessities of a socioeconomic class. This includes the economic factors like income, employment, and poverty rate (which will then affect those people in that class).

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Developed by David Ricardo, the economic theory that compares an individuals, firms, or nations work process and quality. It helps weigh out investment opportunities, as well.

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The ongoing war between Assad supporters and rebels (including U.S backed rebels) that started in 2011. The "why" behind this war has become less about who is for or against Al-Assad, and more what the involved countries can gain from this Civil War-which harms more Syrians in the process as the war is dragged out.

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The use of combining radicalism and violence to achieve political goals. This usually puts civilians at risk.

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The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks were attacks by al-Qaeda (Islamic terrorist group) on the World Trade Center- which also attacked the legitimacy of the US.

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This is when a person or something has undisputed credibility, and is authentic.

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When a nation wants to rise to take over (have sovereignty over) it's homeland. This is a social, political, and economic movement,

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One of the things Fukuyama predicted that religious fundamentalism (belief that a person or group of religious figures are the absolute authority) would challenge the USA's post-cold war domination.

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When something is made available worldwide, or a company/organization makes their scope global.

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When the international system is without order.

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Organizations that are either non-profit, or governmental organizations that are composed of sovereign states (like the UN). They communicates across nations, and effects all the included nations, in a negative or positive way.

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This is the combination of:
a. rejecting power politics as the only result or goal of international relations
b. accentuating mutual benefits and international cooperation
c. using international organizations and  nongovernmental actors to shape state preferences and policy choices.

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An american political scientist, he wrote ¨The End of History¨ which predicted what the spread of communism, capitalism, and liberalism would bring.

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This was also enacted by Mikhail, when Russian citizens could vote for soviet legislative body members. This was a majorly important policy!

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Also enacted by Mikhail Gorbachev, this means economic reforms.

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Created by Mikhail Gorbachev, a policy that allowed openness; allowed Russian citizens to criticize their government.

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Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars Program)

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Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars Program)

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Created by Ronald Reagan, has the goal to protect the US from missiles, this cut all ties with communist countries.

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The relaxing of strained political relationships.

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In the Gulf of Tonkin there was a confrontation between the US Maddox and Vietnam torpedo boats. Vietnam is have said to have fired first. This incident convinced congress that war was needed.

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Ho Chi Minh was a major building block of Vietnam independence- he asked Communist Russia for help to free them from France. In turn, this made part of VIetnam communist and the other part non-communist (because of the US's belief in domino theory).

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The negotiation that said Russia would remove their nuclear weapons from Cuba, and the US would remove their nuclear missiles from Turkey. This negotiation prevented a nuclear weapons war.

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This was the events that happened before the Cuban Missile Crisis. The CIA sent anti-Castro exiles to Cuba but they were killed by Castro's soldiers because the US didn't provide the promised air support. This happens in 1960.

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Led by Mao Zedong, this was when China industrialized greatly with new public-made factories, and more electricity, coal, and steel, and in turn many died because people had the choice to only produce for themselves since the farms were owned by everyone.

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The Korean War was the result of North Korea invading South Korea with the goal of bring all of the peninsula to communism (per request of the USSR). In turn, China supports SK, and NK doesn't succeed.

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weapons made from, either, nuclear fission or fission/fusion reactions. Nuclear weapons were used during the 2nd half of the 20th century by the US.

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The theory by the US that once one place becomes communist, communism will spread to their neighbors. As a result the US will intervene in communist vs non-communist conflicts.

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A strategy important in the Korean war. It had the purpose of containing communism.

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The treaty signed by the Soviets and several Eastern and Central states of Europe. The purpose of this treaty was to help provide maintenance for the Soviet military and a unified military for the Soviet and European powers stated above.

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The line of separation between western (democratic) Europe and communist eastern Europe, the Soviet Union.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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NATO (est. 1948) is an alliance between non-communist western Europe and USA. It's goal was to keep Germany and Russia under control. Something important is that they were required to help each other out if attacked.

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A system created so that the world's governments could COOPERATE, and discuss the economy. It even prevented another Great Depression.

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A part of the UN, the UN Security Control is composed of USA, China, Russia, France, and the UK.

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The UN was an international created to solve the world's political problems after WW2.

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When the US gave Europe 12 million dollars to rebuild after WW2. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to save western Europe from communism and Soviet Russia.

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A place where lots of people are working or waiting for mass execution. Most often the people are mistreated and persecuted.

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A widespread systematic killing of people of a specific race, religion, or nation. The Holocaust was a genocide of Jews, gypsies, and the handicapped.

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The killing of 11 million Jews, gypsies, and handicapped by NAZI Germany at the command of Hitler. This was the first outcome of WW2.

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When the separation of atoms cause a bomb to go off. This was used in August 1945 when a US atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, sadly.

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This is traveling the ocean from island to island before reaching a final destination instead of going directly to a location. The US did this during WW2 when they freed many islands in the Pacific.

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May 1944 the Allies launch an attack on France by infiltrating the Normandy beaches.

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The method of warfare that caused Germany to conquer France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands in less than a year.

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A policy that returned land to Germany piece by piece and led to WW2 being declared. It was "a total failure" ~ Mr. Hodges' notes.

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When Nazi Germany allies Japan and Italy, this created the Tripartite Pact, which led to the Axis Party in WW2.

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Extreme militant nationalism; also limited speech and the individual is not considered before corporate decisions.

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The increase in the price a consumer pays, or the decrease of purchasing power.

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A period of economic decline, which led to decreasing employment, aggregate output, and dropped prices.  This was because Europe could not pay back all of their debt.

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Gandhi led a peaceful movement with the goal of Indian Independence from the British. Gandhi's peaceful strategy of fighting back cost Britain a lot of money, and eventually India gained independence in 1947.

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Mao Zedong is the person who led the Chinese Communist Party with the goal to reunite the country.

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Vladimir Lenin is the creator of the Communist Party. He and the Communist Party took control over Russia after the Czar fell from power.

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A world organization formed in 1920 and disbanded in 1946. It was created to secure world peace proposed by Woodrow Wilson.

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The treaty made by the Allied Forces forcing Germany to take the blame for WW1 and to pay up for the damages it caused.

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The Zimmerman Telegram was(along with a combination of any other instances) caused the US to join WW1 after Germany sent a telegram.

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Trench Warfare happened in France and life was horrible for the men involved. Trench warfare was a result of the stalemate.

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The entire continent of Europe was in a war because of the troubling Allied and opposing sides of WW1.

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As a result of nationalism, the Slavs wanted to created one Slavic state in the Balkans.

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The practice of keeping one's military strong.

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Militant pride in one's nation.

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When the British Navy overwhelmed the Chinese Junk to gain the ability sell opium to China, cede Hong kong, and get favorable deals.

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This gave Europe and the United States of America unlimited access to China for trade since there was a high demand for Chinese Manufactured goods.

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From 1881-1914 the Scramble for Africa was when Europeans sought prestige and Africa's resources like wood, ivory, and diamonds.

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In the Scramble for Africa  after quinine was discovered 90% of Africa was controlled by Europe so people decided who would control what in Africa. This took place in the Berlin Conference of 1884.

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Quinine was a drug discovered in South America and helped cure Malaria. As a result Europeans entered Africa for the first time.

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An organization of workers organized to protect it's members. It protects the workers based off of wages and working conditions.

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Karl Marx's ideas of the rich and poor led to communism. Communism is the ownership of all property to everyone.

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Workers who make a living by selling their labor to others. Karl Marx calls them the have nots.

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The economic system in which the factors of production are owned by private individuals. This was believed by Adam Smith.

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Free Trade is believed to be a good thing by Adam Smith.

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Competition will cause people strive more.

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The interest of one's advantages over the rest.

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The extension of power, influence, and/or rule from one country to another as a policy or practice.

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Corporations grew fast by the desire to become richer, as the poor stay poor. A corporations is  a group or organization of people that legally must act in one.

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Building(s) where goods are made. The first factory opened in Rhode Island in 1789 and produced thread

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The Watt Engine was created by James Watt. It was the first practical steam engine.It was used in many technologies later on, like when Robert Fulton built the first steam boat.

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The four factors of production are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The Industrial Revolution used all of the 4 factors of Production.

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The owner or manager of a business. During the Industrial Revolution banks would give loans to entrepreneurs.

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Eugenics was created during the Industrial Revolution. It is the study or practice of encouraging parents of a species to reproduce offspring only when they have favorable traits. This was used for animals.

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The agricultural technique where different crops would be planted in the same field. This maintained soil fertility.

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Karl Marx was the founder of modern communism.

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Adam Smith advocated private enterprise and free trade. He also wrote "The Wealth of Nations" and advocated capitalism which is ultimately what brought about the industrial revolution.

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The British Agricultural Revolution was when agrigultral expecttions were exceeded and with a larger population this led to the Industrial Revolution.

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The Industrial Revolution was a change in socioeconomic standards in the late 1700's that resulted in the mass production of goods in factories, rather than people creating things at home. The Industrial Revolution also helped largely with WW1.

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When a person is held as property, and, more recently in the New World, is treated with no rights, and doesn't usually gain freedom.

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Leader of the Haiti Revolution, freed the Saint Dominique colony from French control (and slavery).

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The result of Napoleon's defeat, decided what Europe would look like after Napoleon was gone.

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A state that is "de jure" independent but completely dependent on another state. An example of this would be one of Napoleon's Puppet State Italy.

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A self-enforced French dictator, controlled and united basically almost all of Europe until his defeat in 1815. The result of his rule is many foreign policies, and slavery in France.

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When widespread destruction of property or resources is done because of a military policy with the goal of supremacy.