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Physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.

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The central processing unit, it is the brain of the computer/laptop.

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Isolation step 1
Ensure through event logs (either in the BIOS or OS) that the laptop isn't shutting down because of thermal issues.
If it's a thermal issue, ensure fans are working, ensure heat sinks are not obstructed, and make sure the thermal material is in place.

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Isolation step 2
For system-board with and on-board speaker check for beep codes.
To check a beep code you have to induce an error condition such as removing all of the memory.
If the system beeps, the processor is performing basic functions and is probably not the source of the problem.
If there are two processors in the system make sure the 2nd processor is removed while testing for beep codes. If you do hear beep codes, swap the processor and test again.

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Memory Module
Reset the memory modules (DIMM) and recheck for a memory error. If there are no errors are found and the system is working do not replace the memory.

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Multiple Memory Modules
If there is more than 1 memory module, remove all memory modules but the memory in the first slot.
If the error remains, exchange the first memory module with another memory module into the same slot
If the error is gone, then there was an issue with the first memory module.
If the error remains after testing all memory modules, it's likely the issue is the memory slot in the system board.
Only replace the faulty memory module, unless specified otherwise on Dell's dispatch notes.

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Storage device containing a read and write mechanism.

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Boot issues/considerations
Run a self-test on hard drive from ePSA.
Hard drive self-test is almost 100% effective and only takes less than 7 minutes regardless of the size of the hard drive.
The self-test will help in avoiding unnecessary replacement and repeat dispatch.

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Boot issues-troubleshooting steps
Turn on the computer\laptop and press <F2 key for entering into BIOS.
Use the down arrow key to find hard drive field.
If hard drive is not detected, shut down the computer\laptop and reset hard drive connector.
If hard drive is detected, restart the computer\laptop and run ePSA.

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Computer automatically shuts down to avoid permanent damage when computer case or CPU temperature reaches a critical level.

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Intermittent Shutdowns
Overheating and intermittent shut down may be caused when debris or dust clog up the fan exhaust port. This is common when systems are operating in a dusty environment.
Clean the clogged parts either by blowing with mouth or using compressed canned air directly into the fan exhaust port.
The air must be sent directly into the heat sink vents which are always located on the sides or back of the machine.
Limit the duration of compressed air to 2-3 second intervals in order to avoid excessive spooling (RPM) of the fan.
If you cannot get compressed air into the exhaust port, place a vacuum hose on the intake port on the bottom of the system to extract the debris\dust.

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Insufficient thermal bonding
If the system's heat sink is disassembled, make sure that all thermal interface material is in place.
Between CPU and heat sink, make sure thermal grease or a thermal pad is in place.
Between the heat sink and the GPU-Portables only, make sure colored pads are in place.

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Electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electric load.

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Verifying power source & adapter
Make sure power adapter works when unplugged from computer and plugged into power outlet.
Most adapters have simple diagnostic LED's for troubleshooting.