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Philosophy is the rules, ideas, and principles that someone lives by.

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- Rationalists are philosophers that believe that reality can only be shown through reason. They don't trust what their senses tell them about the world.
- Rationalism dates back to over 500 BC.
- Parmenides is considered the first rationalist. He thought that the material world could only be understood by thought and reason, not by senses.
- Some other rationalists are Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Lebniz.
- The school of philosophy that is the complete opposite of rationalism is empiricism. It says that reality cannot be obtained by the senses, not reason.

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- Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian freedom fighter who believed in nonviolence.
- He used nonviolence as a major way to gain India's independence.
- Gandhiji was a very honest person. One of his main goals in life was to pursue truth (satya), and he called that satyagraha.
- He was a vegetarian because he did not wish to kill animals to feed himself- again, a form of nonviolence.
- Gandhiji was a lawyer by profession. He gave up his practice after returning to India from South Africa and devoted himself to the cause of making India independent from the British.
- To oppose unfair taxation by the British government on a basic necessity like salt, Mahatma Gandhi led a 24-day salt march called the Dandi Salt March as an act of nonviolent civil disobedience.
- He undertook several "fasts unto death" against religious violence and for political protests.
- He was against the "cast" system in India.
- He wore two pieces of hand made clothing in the later years of his life because he believed poor people of India didn't have enough to wear and if everyone insisted on hand made clothes, a lot of people could be employed.
- He was shot and killed on January 30, 1948 by Nathuram Godse.

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My Choice- Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

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My Choice- Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

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- Aristotle studied with Plato in his Academy for many years.
- He tutored the young prince, Alexander the Great, who would grow up to conquer much of the known world.
- Aristotle believed that every acorn has the potential to grow into an oak tree, but he also knew that a robin's egg would never hatch into a eagle.
- He did not consider women equal to men, and thought that they should not have any lawful rights.
- He noticed that he could separate basically everything on Earth into three types: animal, mineral, and vegetable.
- After Plato died, Aristotle opened his own school called the Lyceum.
- He was very good at marine biology; he identified 500 species of ocean life.
- Many of Plato's thoughts and ideas can be seen in Aristotle's work.
- He completely disagreed with Plato's unseen world where everything is perfect, and said it was perfect nonsense.
- Aristotle preferred to walk and talk while teaching his students.

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- Plato was the person who founded the first university, which was called Plato's Academy.
- He thought that there was an unknown world where there were the perfect versions of everything on Earth.
- He thought our world is full of shadows, reflections of a perfect, ideal world, and that people are like prisoners that can only see these shadows and mistake them for what is real.
- Plato was a man who actually believed in educating women- at that time, very few thought that.
- His ideal community would be ruled by philosophers.
- Plato noted his thoughts as conversations.
- Even when he was writing down Socrates's ideas, he recorded them as two people talking.
- His main question was "Is there a perfect world?"
- Plato did not like the government and aristocracy of Athens, which is where he was born.
- The Academy's star student was Aristotle.

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Setting the scene for subsequent discussion of Aristotle.

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- Socrates walked barefoot all the time, even in winter.
- Before he died, Socrates paid off a debt with a chicken!
- He listened to an inner voice that stopped him from doing wrong things.
- His most famous student, Plato, recorded his wise words.
- Socrates thought that if he asked more questions, he would gain more knowledge.
- He believed that happiness came from leading a good life.
- His big question was "What is good and what is bad?"
- Socrates lived in Athens, Greece, and was considered the wisest man in the city.
- Socrates was arrested before his death. He was accused of worshipping false gods and corrupting young minds.
- He drank the poisonous hemlock and died while he was comforting his grieving friends.

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"To know thyself is the beginning of wisdom."

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Made with a lot of thought by Shuchi Pandya