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All products were found at Walmart on 10/20/17

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All the pictures and prices below are from Kroger on 10/15

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What is High Fructose Corn Syrup?
High Fructose Corn syrup is a sweetener created from corn starch and used in the foods below.

Why is it used in foods?
High Fructose Corn Syrup is used often, because it is found to be sweeter than Glucose, satisfying the sweet craving of many Americans. It has little to no benefits and is actually discouraged by most medical professionals, since it has been linked to numerous health problems (obesity, diabetes, etc.).

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- Prices for farm-raised fish greatly varied depending on the quantity. However, compared to wild caught fish consumers would most likely get more for their money when purchasing farm-raised fish.

- The advantages of farm-raised fish are they are easier to harvest and it provides a safer job for thousands of farmers and fishermen.

- Some disadvantages of raising fish through aquaculture are they require large inputs of resources (such as antibiotics) and much of the waste created is emptied into rivers/streams nearby. The added waste products begins to impact the environment by contaminating the local water supplies.

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- The price of wild caught fish was typically cheaper but contained less fish. The retailers used smaller portions so that the product appeared cheaper by comparison.

- One advantage of wild caught fish the government provides subsides for companies that catch large amounts of fish, which provides jobs for the public.

- A disadvantage of catching wild fish instead of using aquaculture is many companies have begun over fishing areas. Over the years there has been a rapid decrease in all marine life near common fishing regions.

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- One example of wild caught is the Pacific salmon fillet and Tilapia.
(The image for Tilapia was cut accidentally in transportation)

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#1 - Why are hormones fed to the animals we eat? We feed our livestock extra hormones to increase their growth rate to keep up with the market's demand for meat.

#2 - Why are antibiotics given to the animals we eat? Because animals like chicken are often kept in close quarters they can easily develop illnesses. The easiest way to reduce the number of ill livestock is to include antibiotics in their feed so they never develop diseases in the first place.

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- The price of conventionally raised meats typically ranged cheaper than unconventionally raised meats for the same amount.

- An advantage to conventional meat is that farmers are able to mass produce certain meats to match the public's demands.

- Some disadvantages however are that it requires large inputs of water  and pollutes surrounding areas by allowing waste to be carried away through runoff.

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Vegetable:Green Bell pepper
Organic Price: $1.49
Conventional Price:$.79

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Fruit: Granny Smith apples
Organic Fruit: $2.49
Conventional Price: $.79

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Vegetable: Carrots
Price: $2.19
Ounce: 32 oz (907.18g)
Price per ounce:$0.06

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Vegetable: Canned Carrots
Price: $0.59
Ounces: 14.5 oz (411.07g)
Price per Ounce: $0.04 per ounce

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Processed food: Lays Sour cream and onion chips

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Brand name: Vlasic
Product: Pickles

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Brand name: Kikkoman
Product: Teriyaki sauce

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Brand name: Mott’s
Product: Pear Applesauce

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Brand: Lunchable’s
Product: “Chicken Dunks”

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Brand: Yahoo
Product: Strawberry drink

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Eating on Minimum Wage (with price per serving)

Breakfast: Off-Brand Cereal ($0.12 per serving) with milk ($0.17 per serving)

Lunch: All-Natural Chicken Nuggets ($0.75 per serving) with Mott's Applesauce ($0.33 per serving) and

Dinner: Fusilli Pasta with Tomato Basil Sauce ($0.93 per serving) and squash ($0.27 per serving)

Snacks:  Peanut Butter Crackers ($0.37 per serving), Smucker's PBJ ($0.25 per serving), Cookie Batter Ice Cream ($0.75 per serving)
Total Price: $3.94
Total Calories: 2,001

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All products pictured below are from Sprouts on October 18

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Eating on Twice Minimum Wage (with price per serving)

Breakfast: Bacon ($0.78 per serving), Eggs ($0.13 per serving), and toast ($0.14 per serving)

Lunch: Atkins Shrimp Scampi ($3.78 per serving)

Dinner: Sirloin Steak ($1.25 per serving),  Mashed potatoes ($0.13 per serving), Rolls ($0.17 per serving).

Snacks: Peanut Butter  Crackers ($0.37 per serving), Smucker's PBJ ($0.25 per serving), Ice Cream ($0.75 per serving).

Total price: $7.75
Total Calories: 2,028

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1) I was able to purchase five animal products on the twice minimum wage budget as opposed to three on the minimum wage budget.

2) If I had the option of getting my daily diet from fast food (like McDonald's), the caloric intake would be much higher as opposed to getting it from the grocery store. As demonstrated by my purchases above, it was much harder to reach the recommended caloric intake, causing me to include high calorie (not as healthy) foods into my purchases.

3) Nourishment is much different for individuals in developed countries compared to developing ones in that there are many processed, cheaper, and more readily available foods in the developed world. In countries that are still developing, much of their diet is dependent upon grains and other agricultural yields that are produced by traditional and subsistence agricultural practices. In developed countries, like the United States, however, foods at affordable prices are available without having to put in any energy or time to produce them.

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1. What do the labels "fair trade" and "organic" mean?
- The FTF, or Fair Trade Federation, logo promotes North American businesses to be fair trade.
- Fair trade means that crops/products being produced and sold have been made free of forced and/or child labor, free of poor working conditions, there is a base price for the coffee being sold, and that all workers must receive appropriate wages.
- USDA organic labels mean that 95% of the product is free of synthetic additives such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and  dyes.
- The USDA also requires that organic entails the product to not be genetically engineered, not to be used with industrial solvents, and no irradiation.

2. What are some environmental problems with coffee production?
- Coffee is being grown through plantation farming methods meaning that is a monoculture.
- It is also  being grown in direct sunlight, rather than under a canopy of leaves (see "shade grown" labels).
- Being grown directly in the sun produces the highest yield, but it requires large amounts of fertilizers and it decreases biodiversity on the land.
- It encourages deforestation; forests are being cut down to provide land for the coffee to be grown on.
- Water pollution is from the runoff of organic fertilizers used on the coffee processing plants cause there to be less oxygen in the water for aquatic plant and wild life.
- The soil quality decreases and soil erosion becomes more prevalent because of the loss of vegetation.

3. What are some societal problems with coffee production?
- being paid low wages
- having long working hours
- Child labor
- No worker benefits
- Unfavorable conditions for the laborers to be working in

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Environmental impacts compared to regular milk?
- Growing soybeans produces less waste then raising livestock for dairy
- Less energy input is needed for soy; it is 13x more energy efficient compared to dairy at its best
- The greenhouse gas emissions are much lower for soy
- Soy for milk is farmed more sustainably

Health value compared to regular milk?
- Free of cholesterol
- Low in saturated fats
- Contains as much protein as cows milk
- Less calories compared to whole milk and about the same as 1/2% milk
- Contains no lactose because it's from plants
- Has vitamin A and B-12, potassium, isoflavones
- Can be fortified with calcium and vitamin D
- Can cause fertility problems and can lower the sperm count in men
- Is a common allergy
- Most soy is GMO which is a concern for many

Price per ounce?
- $4.29/ 64 fluid ounces
- 6.7 ¢ per ounce

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Unconventional raising includes free range, grass-fed, and hormone free livestock.

- The price of unconventional meats appears cheaper when compared to conventional meats but the proportions are not equal. Unconventional meats are typically packaged smaller in order to appear cheaper.

- One advantage to raising livestock unconventionally is it not only holds a higher level of prestige, but it also has less negative effects on the land occupied by the animals.

- A disadvantage to unconventionally raised livestock is the production time is not nearly adequate for meeting the market demands.

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I believe the fish product that travelled the farthest was tilapia from Shanghai, China at about 7,613 miles away. With such a great distance to travel it should take about 2 weeks to a month to arrive in Cumming, Ga. In order to keep the fish fresh enough to sell companies add preservatives such as salt to help it maintain a longer shelf-life.

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The farthest travelled meat product was the predue chicken breast from Maryland at 743 miles away. It should only take a few days to a week for the products to arrive in Cumming, Ga therefore requiring less preservatives for transportation.

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The farthest travelled meat product was the Perdue chicken brest from Maryland and it would take a few days to a week for the goods to reach the shelves in Cumming. Because the distance is much shorter less preservatives are required for transportation.

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Best Choice = Tilapia
Good Alternative = Yellowfin Tuna
Avoid = Atlantic Salmon

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Environmental impacts compared to regular milk?
- Needs lots of water to cultivate, about 1.1 gallons per almond, however, still less water than dairy needs, 8 fluid ounces of milk requires 48 gallons of water
- The need of water for almonds being grown have cause many problems, especially in California where 80% of the world's almonds are grown because they experience droughts often; these problems are due to water being pumped from underwater aquifers
- Honeybees are also being endangered because they're needed to pollinate the almond trees, but the many insecticides on the trees kill of the colonies of bees, putting them in even more danger

Health value compared to regular milk?
- Is lower in calories
- No saturated fat
- Lactose free
- Not a good source of protein and calcium
- Many times is supplemented with calcium and vitamin D, but is a good source of vitamin A
- Can contain carrageenan, which can cause digestive issues in some

Price per ounce?
- $4.29/ 64 fluid ounces
- 6.7 ¢ per ounce

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Environmental impacts compared to regular milk?
- Lots of fossil fuel needed for transportation because coconuts mainly come from Indonesia, the Philippines, India, and other Southeastern Asian countries
- Monoculture is common because as the coconut tree ages it becomes less productive, so farmers in turn plant even more trees to compensate moving forward
- The heavy plating of coconut trees reduces biodiversity of native plants and in turn causes the soil to become less fertile; this causes farmers to turn to chemical fertilizers to boost productivity

Health value compared to regular milk?
- People with nut allergies can consume coconut milk because coconut isn't actually a nut
- Unlike most other plant-based milks, coconut usually contains added thickeners
- Almost all of it is saturated
- No natural calcium, vitamin A,  vitamin D, or protein
- Contains the fats called medium-chain triglycerides which may promotes weight loss
- Helps produce sex and stress horomones
- Contains lots of niacin, or vitamin B-3
- Coconut milk contains more iron
- Not as beneficial for bones and teeth as regular milk because of the significantly less amount of calcium

Price per pounce?
- $3.99/ 64 fluid ounces
- 6.3 ¢ per ounce

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The Colombian *Blend roast coffee from Canada traveled the farthest, about 2761.2 miles.
It had to go across country boarders so I assume it took a longer amount of inspection time compared to products being moved through only one country and not internationally.
When traveling, the beans were probably stored in a cool, dark area to preserve them.

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All Pictures were taken at Kroger on 10/20