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During the Gold Rush that began on January 24th, 1848, and took place in California, weaponary was, fankly, a neccesity. Almost all people, whether they were forty-niners or not, came to California with weapons, firmly believing that they would have to fight others. Many equipped themselves with revolving pistols, capable of variously discharging four-nine shots in rapid order. Although, many brought very heavy guns, which they soon regretted, as they were to heavy to lug all the way/around California. One of the most popular cartridge side arms that many possesed was the Colt Single Action Army Revolver(shown in the image down below.) Also, if one carried around a single shot percussion pistol, you would most likely be correct in assuming that they had another on them in case of an emergency/misfire. All in all, weapons, especially guns, were essential during the Gold Rush, as people owned these weapons to protect themselves from the many dangers in the U.S. that are only rarely seen today.
*Source - tchistory.org

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It began in January 1848 and ended in 1855. The gold was found James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Colma California. 750,000 pounds of gold was found during the gold rush. The Gold Rush increased California's population. The miners were referred to as "forty niners". The Great Gold Rush was the largest mass migration in American history.

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Children suffered many hardships during the Oregon Trail. Many became malnourished and sick on the journey. Children under the age of 10 had a very low survival rate. They would fall from wagons and get left behind. However some kids did make it. They would make up games and songs to keep busy. Most younger kids would ride on the back of wagons and sleep on top of goods and food

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Battallon de San Patricios (St. Patrick's Battalion)

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Battallon de San Patricios (St. Patrick's Battalion)

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A group of hundreds of Irish Catholics defected from the US Army due to discrimination, and they believed that the US had unjustly attacked Mexico. They became an artillery company in the Mexican Army, led by John O'Reilly. They were known for their intense fighting and bravery, and they fought at Monterrey, Matamoros, Angostura, Cerro Gordo, and Churubusco. At the Battle of Churubusco, 85 of them were captured including John O'Reilly, and 85 escaped with the Mexican Army. 50 men were sentenced to die, while 35 were let off with a whipping and a branding with the letter "D" for deserter. The 35 were freed due to the fact that they deserted before the war started. Over the course of a few days, 50 men were hanged, and 35 were whipped and branded. The survivors were forced to dig the graves of the dead men. It was the largest mass hanging in US history.. The surviving 35 prisoners, and the 85 men who escaped before they could be captured, scattered around after the war. Some, settled in Mexico, on large parcels of land, and became farmers. Others moved back to the US, and settled in cities such as San Francisco, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and New York City. Some even fought again for the US Army, during the Civil War. A very small number returned to their homeland, Ireland, where they were hailed as heroes. Their legacy is a vast one. Their service to Mexico, strengthened Mexican-Irish relations, forever forging a friendship between the two. March 17th, Saint Patrick's Day, is a military holiday in Mexico, to commemorate the San Patricios.

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Muskets, Rifles, Colt Revolvers, Bayonets, Swords, were all used during the Mexican war. Pistols could only shoot 15 to 20 yards accurately, and a flintlock musket could shoot 100 yards accurately. The Texans also used cannonballs, shells, and canisters. They were all effective for up to 300 yards. The Texans used flying artillery which could shoot five times faster then the Mexican artillery. The Texans clearly had better weapons, and technology which helped them beat the Mexicans in a fight of independence in Texas. Coming from America these men, knew how to fight, and new all the modern weapons in which the U.S had for themselves, in case of war. As you can see the weapons used in the Mexican War helped the Texans win a hard fought battle.

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When I researched the land marks along the Oregon trail discovered that Chimney Rock is located in Nebraska, and Courthouse and Jail rock is located near there. Another landmark that I learned about is that in the Rocky Mountain chain the tallest point is Mount Elbert at 14,139 feet tall. Next, Soda Spring is a naturally occurring spring that is located in Idaho. Lastly, Independence rock is located in Wyoming and is a large granite rock.

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During the California Gold Rush in 1849, many men would travel to California to get rich. Before anyone knew about the gold rush there was a population of about 12 thousand people, Once people discovered the gold the population grew from about 12 thousand to about 100 thousand! While the men went off to find gold the women would take on responsibilities that men would do, such as farming and working to earn money to support their kids. After 1850 the surface of gold in California largely disappeared, even as miners were arriving. As gold became more and more harder to find the industry of mining for gold drove more and more miners from independence to wage labors.

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The Donner party consisted of 87 people and 23 wagons that traveled the Oregon Trail. Then a man by the name of Hastings told them about a shortcut that would be a quicker route to Oregon. The trail ended up being a bad decision and the Donner party paid the price. They were caught in many snowstorms, and there food quickly ran out. Because of this, many people were forced to convert to cannibalism. People from the Donner party went as far as eating their own oxen and horses. They also would make a goo like food made from their animal hides. Eventually, most people died because of starvation and nearly nobody made it to Oregon.

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The Oregon trail was actually originally discovered by fur trappers. Once people decided they wanted to travel the 2000 mile long trail, they had to get supplies. Usually you needed $200 for your supplies. Each person needed at least 150 pounds of food and they brought 25 pounds of soap. Interestingly enough cholera was the most common killer on the Oregon trail. All together they had a long, expensive, deadly journey if the wished to travel the Oregon trail.

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All travelers encountered several hardships on the Oregon Trail. For instance, many children and adults fell from the wagons and were crushed beneath the wheels - although some people survived this, some died from accidents like this as well. A second hardship pioneers faced was crossing rivers. In fact, this was one of the most dangerous things the travelers did. Another hardship they faced were thieves stealing their food and supplies. Other hardships the pioneers faced include Native American encounters and stampedes caused by accidental gunfire - both of which usually ended in death.

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Forty-Niners where tens-of-thousands of men & more less woman, who immigrated starting in 1849 after gold was discoverer in California in These people traveled there by land and sea with high hopes to make a fortune. It was a high risk though, because many died and very few struck gold.

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The Mormons are a part of the Church of Latter Day Saints. They believe that scripture consists not only of the Bible, but of books like the Pearl of Great Price, the Doctrine and Covenants and the Book of Mormon. Mormonism began in the 1830's and progressed strongly when they moved westward to expand their teachings. One of the most important things in the church is spreading the word of God and his many prophets, like Jesus, Jarom, Mosiah, and Alma. They are also rather traditionalist, and often dress and act very modestly as compared to today's standards.
Source- www.lds.org

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During the Mexican/American war many different weapons were in use on both sides of the battle. The Americans had much more advanced weapons with rifles and revolvers.  The Mexicans on the other hand did not have very good weapons at all.  For the most part they just bought had to buy weapons from Spain and other country's. But even these weapons were old and not the correct size. As you can see the weapons in the Mexican/American war were very different on both sides.

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I learned that a boomtown is an area that experiences extremly rapid growth in both population and economy. The towns formed from economic booms in the Far West, many people got rich off boomtowns. The mining-boom era started in the 1860s and ended in the 1890s.  Most men worked in mining during this era.

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Boomtowns is a community that under grows sudden and rapid population and economic growth. The town attracted outlaws and gangs. Boomtowns has high income jobs,mining prospects, and attractive amenities and climate. Boomtowns was usually the already economically advantage to who succeeded in the town. The reason why the town grew so fast because it was founded on land with riches like gold,silver,or oil. Some vigilantes continued to serve as private law enforcers.    

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Boomtowns is a community that under grows sudden and rapid population and economic growth. The town attracted outlaws and gangs. Boomtowns has high income jobs,mining prospects, and attractive amenities and climate. Boomtowns was usually the already economically advantage to who succeeded in the town. The reason why the town grew so fast because it was founded on land with riches like gold,silver,or oil. Some vigilantes continued to serve as private law enforcers.    

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The Alamo when it began was called San Antonio de Valero. It was built like a fortress compound and a mission. After the war the State of Texas purchased the Alamo chaple. Later on it was sold again and was used as a whole sale grocery store. The Alamo is made up of Limestone bricks, and is approximately 30 feet tall and 60 feet wide. These are one of the many interesting facts about the Alamo.

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The Alamo when it began was called San Antonio de Valero. It was built like a fortress compound and a mission. After the war the State of Texas purchased the Alamo chaple. Later on it was sold again and was used as a whole sale grocery store. The Alamo is made up of Limestone bricks, and is approximately 30 feet tall and 60 feet wide. These are one of the many interesting facts about the Alamo.

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The biggest problem on the Oregon Trail. 

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The biggest problem on the Oregon Trail. 

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Death from diseases were very frequent. Many people died along the trail. Cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever were the biggest diseases that many struggled from. Along with death, broken bones were extreme on the trail. Lots of legs arms and

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In the Mexican war the Americans and Mexicans had a variety of weapons that they used. The mexicans did not have as good of weapons as the Texans. This influenced who won the Mexican War. Some of the weapons were muskets, rifles, pistols, cult revolvers, bayonets, swords, and artillery pieces. When the Mexican War ended Mexico had lost about half of its territory. There were also canons in the Mexican war but they were not as good as the weapons the Texans had.

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Boomtwons were towns that rapidly grew in population because of higher income jobs and they're also could've been rare minerals nearby like gold. These towns were built a lot because of the gold rush

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The Oregon Trail has a lot of discarded supplies that people have dropped including rocks that pioneers have left behind. Pioneers didn't settle in Oregon. Also wheel ruts from Oregon trail wagons are still visible today. Lastly, Indian attacks were rare.

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At that time, the alamo was one of the largest battles in the Mexican war, and it will always be remembered in Texas. It was a very big part of how they got where they are now, and it is a memorial