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Rules and regulations to ensure the mistakes do not happen frequently It is a time-honored rule of common law (and civil law) jurisdictions that witnesses ought only to relate their personal observations of events. They are not to attempt to enter their opinions into evidence in a court of law. The major exception to this is the expert witness who, because of his knowledge or experience in a specific area, is allowed to give opinion evidence. Generally, the rationale behind this is that judges can’t possibly be knowledgeable in all areas of human activity and in any event, many cases before the courts turn on a scientific issue or upon special knowledge. With respect to matters calling for special knowledge, an expert in the field may draw inferences and state his opinion. An expert’s function is precisely this: to provide the judge and jury with a ready-made inference which the judge and jury, due to the technical nature of the facts, are unable to formulate. An expert’s opinion is admissible to furnish the Court with scientific information which is likely to be outside the experience and knowledge of a judge or jury. If on the proven facts a judge or jury can form their own conclusions without help, then the opinion of the expert is unnecessary.

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Rules and regulations to ensure the mistakes do not happen frequently It is a time-honored rule of common law (and civil law) jurisdictions that witnesses ought only to relate their personal observations of events. They are not to attempt to enter their opinions into evidence in a court of law. The major exception to this is the expert witness who, because of his knowledge or experience in a specific area, is allowed to give opinion evidence. Generally, the rationale behind this is that judges can’t possibly be knowledgeable in all areas of human activity and in any event, many cases before the courts turn on a scientific issue or upon special knowledge. With respect to matters calling for special knowledge, an expert in the field may draw inferences and state his opinion. An expert’s function is precisely this: to provide the judge and jury with a ready-made inference which the judge and jury, due to the technical nature of the facts, are unable to formulate. An expert’s opinion is admissible to furnish the Court with scientific information which is likely to be outside the experience and knowledge of a judge or jury. If on the proven facts a judge or jury can form their own conclusions without help, then the opinion of the expert is unnecessary.

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Within this case the CSI's did not manage to find vital evidence for 21 years therefore making the case a "blunder" for the police department.

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Another case where witness management went wrong

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Another case where witness management went wrong

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Rochdale grooming case 'failed to use witness evidence'  therefore witness management didn't make sure witness's were used

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In this case, what did the Forensic Expert Witness do wrong to help tie up Amanda Knox to the murder of Meredith Kercher?The forensic expert witness did not include ALL evidence found at the crime scene.  Such as the blood found on the handle of the knife that was of Knox’s blood, with Meredith’s blood also on the blade. 

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In this case, what did the Forensic Expert Witness do wrong to help tie up Amanda Knox to the murder of Meredith Kercher?The forensic expert witness did not include ALL evidence found at the crime scene.  Such as the blood found on the handle of the knife that was of Knox’s blood, with Meredith’s blood also on the blade. 

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What was the Forensic Expert Witness meant to do in the Amanda Knox case? Following up from the findings at the catastrophic scene of Meredith’s murder, initial forensic testing was carried out.  The forensic expert witness’ role to play in the evidence recovered at the crime scene was to appear in court to represent that there were traces of DNA belonging to both Knox and Kercher (Meredith) on the knife.  

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What was the Forensic Expert Witness meant to do in the Amanda Knox case? Following up from the findings at the catastrophic scene of Meredith’s murder, initial forensic testing was carried out.  The forensic expert witness’ role to play in the evidence recovered at the crime scene was to appear in court to represent that there were traces of DNA belonging to both Knox and Kercher (Meredith) on the knife.  

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What happens during a post-mortem examination? The post-mortem examination will be carried out as soon as possible and usually within two to three working days after the death. The examination will be carried out in a post-mortem examination room, rather like an operating theatre. During a standard post-mortem examination, the body is opened and organs are removed for examination.

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What happens during a post-mortem examination? The post-mortem examination will be carried out as soon as possible and usually within two to three working days after the death. The examination will be carried out in a post-mortem examination room, rather like an operating theatre. During a standard post-mortem examination, the body is opened and organs are removed for examination.

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What is a post-mortem examination? A post-mortem examination is the examination of a body after death and can also be called an autopsy. Post-mortem examinations are carried out for the following reasons, because the cause of a death is unknown, or when a death happens unexpectedly or suddenly. At the request of a hospital, to provide information about an illness or cause of death, or to advance medical research. These medical examinations of the body can be extremely useful in determining how, why and when someone has died, or providing information about the events leading up to death. Post-mortem examinations are carried out by Pathologists or trained doctors

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What is a post-mortem examination? A post-mortem examination is the examination of a body after death and can also be called an autopsy. Post-mortem examinations are carried out for the following reasons, because the cause of a death is unknown, or when a death happens unexpectedly or suddenly. At the request of a hospital, to provide information about an illness or cause of death, or to advance medical research. These medical examinations of the body can be extremely useful in determining how, why and when someone has died, or providing information about the events leading up to death. Post-mortem examinations are carried out by Pathologists or trained doctors

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responding to and prioritising calls from police officers

taking charge of crime scenes

establishing what evidence is required from incident scenes and how best to obtain it

taking, developing and printing photographs of the scene

gathering forensic evidence such as samples of blood, hair, footprints, tyre marks etc, using appropriate scientific techniques

obtaining impressions of fingerprints from prisoners, dead bodies or from people who may have accessed the crime scene

placing evidence into protective packaging and sending it away for forensic analysis

preserving crime scenes against contamination

compiling written reports

giving and defending evidence in court

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Forging Forensic Science: Dr. Saul Kassin on Amanda Knox

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Forging Forensic Science: Dr. Saul Kassin on Amanda Knox

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-The miscarriages of justice of Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito are described.

-A knife recovered from a cutlery drawer was purported to be the murder weapon.

-A bra-clasp found in the -murder room was alleged to have DNA from a defendant.

-Transfer of DNA found on the evidential material was either contamination or ‘innocent’.

-The final judgement exonerated the defendants and the reasons are explored.

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To make sure no one is wrongly accused

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What is their role?
Their role is to record the initial appearance of the crime scene and physical evidence, in order to provide a permanent record  for the courts.

What are their rules and regulations?
Do not interfere with the evidence.
Take pictures of all pieces of evidence

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Forensic scientists generally perform their work inside the forensic or crime laboratory, where they are responsible for comparing and interpreting the physical evidence that was retrieved by crime scene investigators at the scene of the crime.
you will need to provide evidence to the court room but not substantial and the reason for this is to defend the victims and back their lawyers.

The prosecution used the bra clasp to show proof that Rafael was in the room at the time of the murder. Raffle's DNA was found on the clasp along with the DNA of at least four other people. After viewing the video showing the discovery of the bra clasp, it is amazing that it was even allowed to be entered as evidence. The clasp was not discovered until 47 days had gone by. The clasp is seen in lots of different locations on the floor around the room. The investigators made a mistake of the room in previous searches for evidence. the fact that they missed the bra clip had angered many of the prosecutors and the family because that could of been the vital piece of evidence to put Amanda Knox behind bars.

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What did Witness Management do wrong in the Amanda Knox case

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What did Witness Management do wrong in the Amanda Knox case

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Shortly after the crime was committed, they brought in Amanda and Raffaele trying to pin the crime directly on them without having proper evidence to support their case

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A forensic expert witness is crucial in court for presenting clear analysis and interpretation to the jury of evidence found at a crime scene and beyond, from a wide range of specialisms that might include blood pattern analysis, DNA interpretation or the analysis of textile fibers or mobile phone.

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roles- 1) Criminalist

2) Forensic toxicologist

3) Forensic pathologist

4)Forensic anthropologist

5)Forensic odonatologist

6)Forensic botanist

7)Forensic biologist

8)Forensic chemist

9)Questioned documents 10)examiner

11)Fingerprint examiner

12)DNA analyst

13)Trace evidence analyst

14)Medical examiner

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A post mortem is the examination of a body after death, their role is to determine the cause of death. Meridith Kurcher was examined and found to have 47 cuts and bruises and was attacked from right to left. Also her hyoid bone was broken indicating that she had been strangled.

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Testimony, text messages, docs and photo
type of person to bring the evidence to court is the police.
allow judges to make an decisions due to efficient information.
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SOCOs are encouraged to apply for registration the registration process involves the applicant submitting case studies on crime scenes they have examined. They're meant to follow these so that the evidence is not contaminated and that no-one is wrongly accused.

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-Photographers who work with law enforcement must be knowledgeable on the various types of equipment used in forensic photography
-photographer uses the tools and processes to develop clear images for law enforcement to analyze a crime scene. Individuals may also prepare the photographs that are used in criminal court proceedings.

Rules & Regulations:
PICTURE OF STEALTH
The potential for image manipulation provides a basis for broad admissibility challenges in court. The court has had to increase its scrutiny to be assured digital evidence is authentic and has not been altered or ‘Photo-shopped.’
There have always been legal issues associated with the introduction of photographic evidence, but the digitalization of photographs presents new challenges to forensic scientists to track and maintain image integrity.
Ted Bundy- high profile case
Although serial killer Ted Bundy was responsible for  30-plus murders, there was little physical evidence to connect him to the crimes. Two years later, having been convicted only of kidnapping, Bundy was preparing to stand trial when he escaped and headed to Florida. There, he killed three more people early in 1978, and when he was finally captured in February of that year, the physical evidence in those cases led to his conviction. Most crucial was the matching of a bite mark on the buttock of victim Lisa Levy to the Bundy’s distinctive, crooked and chipped teeth.

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A witness manager advises the victim or witness of court dates and court appearances. They will assist you with providing letters to your employers about your obligation to appear in court. They will also assist you with obtaining your mileage and witness fee. The Witness Management Program can provide assistance in transportation needs and will make travel arrangements for out-of-state victims and witnesses.

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What did they do wrong within the Amanda Knox case

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What did they do wrong within the Amanda Knox case

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Within this case the CSI's did not manage to find each piece of evidence, as well as this they left some of it there to be contaminated. Only to come back 46 days later to collect more.

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Typically the first to arrive at the scene.
- Must assess patients condition, and be able to deliver first aid
- Protect, Preserve and in some cases collect evidence
Amanda Knox Case
First responder: Two Postal Inspectors
Rather than the Italian Military Police, the postal officers entered the crime scene despite not having any experience in violent crimes. Which then contaminates the crime scene. Limiting the credibility of evidence, which proved apparent in the sentencing of suspects. The First Responder is meant to follow rules and regulations to prevent contamination and provide strong evidence that can hold up in court e.g. the patrol car should be parked away from the crime scene to prevent impacting evidence left by suspects and reduce the risk of suspects observing the responder. Health and Safety is the number one concern despite the risk of compromising a crime scene. In addition, officers are meant to create a log and corden off areas to avoid media and unauthorized personnel entering and changing the scene.

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What is the role of the forensic pathologist?Forensic pathologists carry out post mortems. They are licensed physicians with special training to perform autopsies and determine the cause of a death, disease, or injury. Forensic pathologists represent traits of doctors and detectives, often working long hours to solve cases and determine where criminal charges may be appropriate.                                               

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What is the role of the forensic pathologist?Forensic pathologists carry out post mortems. They are licensed physicians with special training to perform autopsies and determine the cause of a death, disease, or injury. Forensic pathologists represent traits of doctors and detectives, often working long hours to solve cases and determine where criminal charges may be appropriate.                                               

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Also known as scene of crime officer their role is to collect, preserve and catalogue evidence from a crime scene.

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The role of the first responder is to call the specialized personnel to respond to the scene, rope off the area around the crime scene, secure the crime by only allowing authorized personal into the scene to stop any contamination or altering of evidence. Another role in which first responder has to do is keep a crime scene attendance log and maintain this until the scene is released.

One example of the first responders making a mistake was in the zodiac killer case. Taking interviews from eye witnesses is one of the many jobs in which the first responder is meant to complete however when Paul Stine was murdered in his taxi the description of the zodiac killer was altered by the first responder. The eye witness to Paul Stine's murder gave the description of a white male, 25 to 30 years old, 5'8" to 5'9", stocky build, reddish-brown hair crew cut, heavy-rimmed glasses and dark clothing however the police officer radioed that the killer was a black male. When the true description was released another officer paroling the area admitted to seeing a man of the correct description . This mistake made by the first responder lead to the zodiac killer not being arrested as the police were unable to track the suspect therefore leaving the case unsolved.

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POLSA are responsible for counter terrorism, crime and missing person searches and the for the planning, organisation and managing of them. Also to advise senior officers on the related cases/searches. They also ensure that sufficient resources are deployed to help carry out the tasks safely and efficiently. They can also advise the investigator of the crime scene on the use of appropriate use of methods of deployment and specialist experts who could help at the scene.
During the Amanda Knox case the POLSA failed to collect some very important information from the crime scene which lead them to going back to the crime scene 46 days later as they realized they hadn't collected the evidence that they should have collected before which could have helped the case against Knox guilty. This also meant the evidence was not as fresh and reliable as it could have been 46 days ago. Regulations of POLSA also states that they should secure and protect the scene and that any areas not searched/have no record keeping because of any difficulties should be brought to their notice
Another case where the POLSA failed at was the April Jones case. The police search advisor discontinued the search for the 5 year old girl after up to 200 days and costing the region of £2.5m.

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A witness manager tells the witness of the court dates and court appearances. They also take statements and make sure the witness doesn't leave during the months or years of trial

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A first response role is to be first on the scene and to secure the scene .
what they did wrong are the Amanda Knox case,was there were no first respondeders there the scene didn't seem to be secured.

rules and regulations:

ensure immediate safety

build reports

carry out an initial investigation

identify risk

initiate support and protection (initial safety planning)

ensure a good handover takes place, where applicable