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Particle theory:-
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
2. Particles have empty space between them
3. Particles are moving randomly all the time
4. Particle move faster and spread apart when heated
5. Particles attract each other, so they stay together
Three states of matter:-
Solid: Particles are close together, stay in the same spot but vibrate
Liquid: Particles are close but can move in all directions
Gas: Particles are very far apart, a lot of energy and move very fast.

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What a great summer! See you next time Bozo

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Bozo left his glass on the table after a few sips so that he could go for a walk before the sun set. When he came back, he saw that his drink was no longer cold and the ice disappeared.
Where did all the ice go?
Because of the warmth of the summer, the particles in the ice began to move faster, causing it change into a liquid again.(When ice is heated, the particles move faster so the water changes to a liquid.) The particles began to move in all directions and got closer. Your ice didn't disappear, Bozo, it just changed to a liquid!

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Summer is almost over, and Bozo wants to end it with the taste of summer: an ice cold, refreshing glass of lemonade. Bozo makes the ice by freezing water in his freezer: he took water, and put it in his ice tray and put it the freezer. A bit later he took it out and in place of the liquid water, he had solid ice. Here's what happened inside the freezer:
In a liquid, the particles are close and move in all directions. Heat increases the speed that the particles move at, so, cold would do the opposite, and decrease the amount of speed. Because of the temperature in the freezer, the particles slowed down and the liquid water became solid ice.

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Bozo had a wonderful camping trip, and has now returned home. He really enjoyed the soup that he made previously, and would like to try the recipe again.
Once he has finished making the soup and took the lid off the pot, he noticed that there was little drops of water on the lid. Bozo is very confused and would like to know how this happened. Here's the explanation:
When the gas rose in the pot, it was blocked by the lid and beacause of that it had no place to go. That slowed the particles down, and it started to cool. When gas cools, it becomes water, hence the water droplets on the lid of the pot.

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Now Bozo needs to boil his water. Let's take a closer look at what's happening to the water when it boils.
In liquids, the particles are close to each other, but move in all directions, causing them to spread out. Particles attract, so they will follow each other. Therefore they can take the shape of whatever container you put it in.
Now that there is heat added to it, the particles will move even faster and spread apart, which then changes the liquid water to water vapour, a gas. This gas rises into the air, and bubbles form in the water. This process is what creates steam. Looks like your soup will be very hot, Bozo!

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Bozo knows six ways how he can change different types of energy into thermal energy (heat). He also knows that light, mechanical, electric, chemical, nuclear, sound, and thermal energy cause matter to heat up by increasing the speed of the molecules.(see particle theory).
Here are some examples:
1. Mechanical energy changes into thermal energy in cars, and also when you bounce a ball. When the ball hits the ground, it's energy is used to heat up the ball ( it changes to thermal energy), which makes it slower the next bounce.
2. Thermal energy is used to make substances hot by increasing the speed of the molecules in the substance.
3.Electrical energy changes into thermal energy when it's used in products like toasters and hairdryers.
4. Chemical energy changes to thermal energy when we eat food that changes to energy to help us keep warm.
5. Light form the sun warms the Earth
6. Friction generates heat because (this is just a guess) the speed causes energy?
In most cases, people start fires by rubbing two sticks together really fast to create friction, or light a match by stricking it across a certain surface. So using this, Bozo has now successfully started his fire!

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Bozo is on a camping trip, and would like to start a fire to boil some water for his soup. But how exactly can he start the fire to heat up his water?

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This is Bozo.