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Katie Tembrock, Emily Gassaway, Kimberly Nguyen
Mood-Congruent Memory: recalling memories that correlate with a current mood
ex: contributes to people's depression, when you are sad you recall sad things, perpetuating that sadness
Retrieval Cues: associations that are used to retrieve memory

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When old and new information compete with each other, this interference occurs.
- Knowing Latin may help us learn French

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Memory is an indication that learning has persisted over time.
MEMORY foam ABSORBS information around you.

Three step process:
encoding- processing of information to brain.
storage- retention of information.
retrieval- getting out the information and applying.
Grandma ESteR learns the cookie recipe, remembers the recipe and makes it later.

Types of memory:
sensory memory- the fast encoding of sensory information to the memory system.
working memory/short-term memory- memory that holds incoming memory for a short amount of time, involves active conscious processing.
long-term memory- essentially unlimited capacity storage of information.
Takes a lot of WORK to make a SHORT relationship last LONG.
Emma, Patrick & Lydia.

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How we encode:
automatic processing- unconscious encoding based on factors such as space, time, and frequency.
Like a car, its automatic.
effortful processing- encoding that requires attention and consciousness.
A stick shift car.
rehearsal- repetition of information with a goal of storing.
This is a mnemonic. This is a mnemonic. This is a mnemonic.

How we remember in certain environments/conditions:
spacing effect- better long-term retention with distributed study over time.
SPACE between TIME.
serial position effect- we have better recollection of the first and last items on a list.
You will remember cereal and the milk, but nothing in between.
Emma, Patrick & Lydia.

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- Three sins of forgetting: absent-mindedness (inattention to details and leads to encoding failure), transience (storage decay over time), and blocking (inaccessibility of stored information).
- Three sins of distortion: misattribution (confusing the source of information), suggestibility (the lingering effects of misinformation), and bias (belief-colored recollections).
- One sin of intrusion: persistence (unwanted memories).
- Age can effect encoding efficiency
- The course of forgetting is initialing rapid, and then levels off with time.
- The accumulation of learning that disrupts our retrieval is a reason for our memory fading.
- Retrieval problems contribute to the occasional memory failures of older adults.
- Information presented in the hour before sleep is protected from retroactive interference.
- Freud proposed the we repress painful memories to protect our self-concept and to minimize anxiety.
- Experts agree on a set of factors when regarding child abuse cases.
- Tips on improving memory: study repeatedly, make the material meaningful, activate retrieval cues, use mnemonic devices, minimize interference, and sleep more.

Pink boxes: Angela Gross, Mary Janusevskis, Cecilia Hulett

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Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, or imagined. At the heart of many false memories.
- Dory gets source amnesia!

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Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
- Fake news

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The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
- Retro = old

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Recall: remembering something you previously encoded
ex: fill in the blanks or an frq
Recognition: remembering information previously encoded when prompted by an identity cue
ex: multiple choice test
Relearning: Encoding something after initial encoding takes less time and energy
ex: studying

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The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
- When you're proactive, you constantly need new information to keep you busy.

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We remember what we encode and not literal text.
Acoustic encoding enhances the memorability and seeming truth of rhyming aphorisms.
Semantic processing yields better memory than visual or acoustic encoding.
The amount remembered depends on both on the time spent learning and on your making it meaningful.Relating information to yourself makes it more memorable.
Two codes are better than one. Mnemonics can help easier visually encode (by using vivid imagery) information, and make easier for retrieval (memory aid).
We process information more easily when its organized into meaningful units or structures ~ chunking. Processing information into hierarchies is dividing them into a few broad concepts divided only to teach you the elementary facts of memory, and to help you organize them.
Recall is improved when we organize them into groups.

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Priming: unconscious associations that help us remember
ex: when you hear the word rabbit, you associate you with your knowledge of how to spell hare
Deja Vu: when you get the experience that you have done this before because you unconsciously retrieve a memory due to retrieval cues of the current situation

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What is sensory memory?
Iconic Memory: recalling specific details from visual representations
Echoic Memory: using auditory senses to recall information
Sensory Memory is the shortest-term element of memory.
Working memory (short-term)
working memory is a new name for short-term; limited capacity.
Short term memory is limited by duration and capacity; storing bits of information
Without repetition short-term information is only remembered in chunks
Long-term is the unlimited capacity for storing memory, we can continue to store new information into the memory without retrieving the old ones.
Synaptic changes: Long term potential (:LTP) refers to synaptic engagement after learning
LTP is neural basis for learning and memory. (Animals given a drug to enhance LTP improve their memory skills: can remember easier)

Flashbulb memory- are clear memories of emotional significance (lightbulb is clear/see through like memories)

Amnesia- the loss of memory (am loses)
Explicit memory - refers to facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare: processes in the hippocampus (EM is KNOWN)
Implicit memory- learning and does not declare what they know (IM is Learned)
Hippocampus- a neural center in the limbic system; explicit (HIppo=explicit) H goes with E
Cerrebelum- a neural center located behind the brain that processes implicit memories (Cere=implicit) c goes with I
Yamile De La Pena
Alondra Bravo
Haley Rogina