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Hailey and Karrington
time existed: between 11th century and 15th century
political system: hereditary monarch
why did they fall: enviornmental issues, like drought
trade: gold animals and plants or food near the indian ocean

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Political System: Politically the Great Zimbabwe was a hereditary monarchy, which was ruled by Shona elite with the help of a court.

Important People: The founders of Great Zimbabwe were the Shona people, which was a faction/split from the Bantu.

Time Exists: The Great Zimbabwe was founded in the 11th century but then abandoned in the 15th century.

Why Did They Fall: One reason thought to have been for their downfall was environmental issues, this included over grazing and drought which caused the soil to become less fertile. Another idea was that they moved to maximize the exploration of the gold trade network.

Trade: They often traded gold, animals and crops along the coast of the Indian Ocean.

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The kingdom of Ghana lasted from the 6th to the 13th century. The kingdom of ghana was one of the richest kingdoms back in its time if not the richest. The kingdom was built on mines. they were rich enough to put gold collars on their dogs. Ghana traded for alot of things but the big one was salt. The neighboring countries would trade salt for ghana’s gold. People would travel for months just to get some of the gold ghana had. Ghana a very good political system for its time. The leader was the king named the ghana or otherwise known as the war chief. Everyone had to listen to what he said and after he said it was the law. He was in charge of the entire army ,and he controlled the trade as well as the head of justice. Mayors, Civil servants, Counselors ,Ministers were all put into power by the king ,and assisted him with his kingly duties. Once a day the king would listen to what his subjects wanted to say. While his council surrounds him would he would give his thought about what they had to say. If what they had to say was about a criminal offense like murder or people who had debt then they would be tried by ordeal. The ordeal was that you were given a bad tasting drink if you vomited it back up then you innocent ,but if it stayed in then you were guilty and were punished. As you would guess people eventually realized that if they conquered ghana they would have access to its gold mines ,but before that we have to cover something else or someone else called or i should a group of people called Almoravids. The Almoravids were a group of Muslims they were going around conquering lands that weren’t muslim. As you would guess the Ghanians weren’t Muslim so the Almoravids went and conquered their land ,and for a little over ten years they were in control of the kingdom of Ghana. It might have seemed over for the ghanians ,but they found a way to drive the almoravids out of Ghana and they had their land back. All might have seemed but with the army of ghana tired from the war ,and their kingdom in general weakened it was obvious that they were open and weak to everyone. Only 200 years later (which that is obviously not enough time to recover completely) mali thinking of the riches and power they would gain absorbed the defenseless kingdom of ghana into its kingdom.

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They ruled from 1235CE to 1600 CE. Sundiata Keita formed Mali. Government was ruled by an emperor called Mansa. Empire was divided into provinces which were led by a governor called a Ferba. After the rule of Mansa Musa ended, the empire began to grow weak. They couldn’t control the edges along the borders. They traded along the gold trade routes. Much gold was traded through the Sahara desert to the North African coast. Mansa Musa was one of the wealthiest people and an influential emperor.

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From 1230 to 1670 the manding language were spoken in the empire founded by sundiata keita and become reouned for the wealth of its rulers. Especially musa keita trade routes shifted southward to the savanna, simulating the growth of states. Cuwenry gold dust (salt copper and common in the empire

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Time existed was from 1230 - 1600
Fall of empire: during the years 1360-1390 the empire of Mali suffered under several bad rulers with short reigns. After a year of ruling Mansa Musa II was killed, thus ending the line of kings descending for his father. This triggered the down fall of the the empire and in 1433 the city was conquered by tuareg nomads. During the 17th century Mali broke into a number of minor independent chiefdom, therefore the Mali empire was no longer the superpower it once was. Important people were Musa I of Mali

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Political System- Hereditary Monarchy
Trade- They traded gold on the Indian coast
Important People- Shona
Time Existed-
Why did they fall-

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Existed from 9th -11th century
Trans-Saharan trade
Monachy
Very powerful military
Mali Empire took over the Ghana Kingdom
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Córdoba very important scholar
Kaya Maugham was the Lord of Gold

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Founded in 1220-1450 and was a medieval kingdom.

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They have a small are and also a small population in the area. They were known for it lush forest, diverse animal life, and miles of sandy beaches.

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ghana was ruled through tributary princes who were most likely the traditional chiefs of these subject clans. gold was the most valuable trade commodity. they traded with arabs and people in north africa. it was bardered for salt and horses. al-barki was a arab that traveled to ghana to write about them. they exist front the sixth to the thirteenth century. 1240 marked the end of the ghana empire.

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1235 CE to 1600s

Monarchy

Goveners were called ferbas

Mansa Musa is a great leader who expanded the Empire
His sons couldn't uphold the empire after his death leading to the fall of the empire

Traded Gold to countries on the north African coast

Traveled via camels

Located South of the sahara desert
Sundiata Keita founded it

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1230 - 1600
Founded by sundiata Keita
All of thier leaders are known to be very wealthy but suffered under bad rulers
They collected taxes from their people and all food brought in and out of the empire was taxed
After sundiatas death, his son became the next king and was considered the most powerful ruler of Mali but was soon succeeded by his brother
Due to multiple bad rulers and leadership caused the fall of Mali

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Political System
One king
Trade -
They traded with Arabs North Africans and Europeans
gold, ivory, salt and slaves
Important people-
Kaya Maghan nicknamed Lord of the gold
Time Existed-
Roughly 700 to 1000-1100
How they fell-
Ghana fell when it was sacked by the Almoravid movement in 1076

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Political System-  Monarchy
Trade- people mined minerals but also traded gold and local agricultural goods with local people
Important people-  they had important chiefs (mambos ), leader,

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Politcal system:
Heridetary Monarchy
Chief are referred to as Mambos
Trade:
They Trade via or over the Indian Ocean.
Agriculture influenced such as, crop cultivation, cattle Husbandry, and also emphasised in the trade of Gold.
Important people:
Some important figures are Chikuru wadyambeu, and his son Nyatsimba Mutoa

Time Existed:
Founded around the 13th century in the southern area of Africa
Fell:
Fell around 1450, beacuase of the split and inteoduction of the Kingdom of Mutapa which eclisped its economy and political power.