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"Mennonites didn't want to leave behind on place of oppression to build another in America"(pg. 29)

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Anti-Racism Resources for Mennonite Churches | Mennonite Church USA

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Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) is a program tool of Mennonite Church USA for assessing and developing intercultural competence. Qualified administrators can administer the IDI and provide feedback on improving intercultural competence.

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"they publish her a year after slavery was abolished in England, they would use her as a way to condemn American slavery"(pg.42)

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"The Prossers were planning a slave rebellion, recruiting hundreds of slaves to revolt in Virginia"(pg.56)

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Jefferson Davis was a 19th-century Mississippi senator who went on to become president of the Confederacy. In a 1860 speech he claimed that the "inequality of white and black races" in America was "stamped from the beginning."

Crenshaw was a legal scholar who developed the concept of intersectionality.

Ibn Battuta was a 14th-century Moroccan scholar and traveler who traveled to the area now known as Mali and wrote about his experiences.

Ibn Khaldun was another 14th-century Arab scholar who believed in the climate theory of Black inferiority.

In the Old Testament, Ham is the cursed son of Noah. Throughout history, certain scholars chose to argue that Black people were the descendants of Ham. This is known as the curse theory of Black inferiority.

Prince Henry was a 15th-century Portuguese royal who oversaw colonization and slave trading missions in West Africa.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and colonizer whose (accidental) encounter with the Americas launched the European colonization of the North and South American continents.

George Best was an English travel writer who questioned the climate theory of Black inferiority.

William Shakespeare was an early modern playwright, arguably the most famous writer in the world, who explored themes of race and colonization in his plays (notably and The Tempest).

King James was an English king who expanded the British colonial territories in North America.

Pocahontas was an indigenous woman who was captured by British colonists and taken to England, where she was toured as an example of a "civilized savage."

Elizabeth Key was an enslaved biracial woman who sued for her freedom after it was not granted as promised by her white legislator father in 1655.

Robert Boyle was an English scientist who developed the idea that black skin is a corruption of the normal default of white skin.

Richard Baxter was a British minister who argued that slavery could be positive and benevolent as long as the enslaved were permitted to convert to Christianity.

James Blair was an enslaver, commissary of Virginia, and the founder of the College of William & Mary.

Boylston was a Boston doctor who successfully inoculated his young son against smallpox alongside two enslaved people based on African medicinal techniques.

David Hume was a renowned Scottish philosopher who Kendi points out was both a staunch racist and an abolitionist.

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers.

Samuel Johnson was an English writer who mocked the American Revolutionary elite for their hypocrisy in championing freedom while at the same time enslaving people.

George Washington was one of the Founding Fathers, a celebrated general in the Revolutionary War, and the first U.S. president. He delayed addressing the question of abolition because he argued it is not the right time, falsely claiming that anti-Black "prejudice" was waning on its own.

Samuel Stanhope Smith was a Presbyterian minister who advocated for the climate theory of Black inferiority.

James Wilson was a Supreme Court Justice who, before being nominated to the Court, proposed that enslaved people should legally count as three-fifths of a person.

Elbridge Gerry was an American politician and abolitionist.

Benjamin Rush was a Philadelphia physician who falsely informed Black people that they were immune from yellow fever, which led to thousands of avoidable deaths.

Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin.

John Adams was another Founding Father and the second president of the United States.

Sarah Baartman was a Khoi woman who was captured and cruelly exhibited in France.

Robert E. Lee was Commander of the Confederate army during the Civil War.

Maria Stewart was an early Black feminist and abolitionist.

P. T. Barnum was a famous 19th-century showman.

Nat Turner was an enslaved man who staged a rebellion after receiving instructions via a vision from God. Turner successfully killed at least 57 people during the rebellion, starting with his master's family.

Dew was a pro-slavery professor at the College of William & Mary who advocated against colonization.

Calhoun was a fervently pro-slavery South Carolina senator who twice served as vice president of the United States.

Jarvis was a Harvard-educated psychiatrist who developed racist research that argued that slavery was psychologically beneficial to Black people.

Nott was a Southern scientist and enslaver who argued that biracial women were less fertile than those of "purely" African or European descent.

Gliddon was a pro-slavery Egyptologist.

Sims was an Alabama doctor who conducted brutal medical experiments on dozens of enslaved women without providing them with anesthesia.

Polk was the 11th president of the United States.

Sojourner Truth was an early Black feminist and formerly enslaved woman who gave the famous speech "Ain't I a Woman?" in Ohio in 1851.

Delany was a Black writer and doctor often said to be the first Black nationalist.

Pierce was a Northern Democrat and Mexican-American War general who was opposed to abolition. He served as the 14th president of the United States.

Buchanan was a Democrat and the 15th president of the United States.

Stephen Douglas was a Democratic senator and prominent critic of Abraham Lincoln.

Brown was a radical white abolitionist who argued in favor of armed insurrection against slavery. He was hanged in 1859.

Phillips was an abolitionist and critic of Lincoln.

John Wilkes Booth was the proslavery Confederate assassin who murdered Abraham Lincoln at the theater.

Stevens was a "Radical Republican" member of the House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Greeley was the pro-segregation Democratic candidate for president in the 1872 election.

Rutherford B. Hayes was the Republican winner of the tightly contested 1876 presidential election. With such a slim margin of victory, Hayes chose to make concessions to Democrats that amounted to the end of Reconstruction.

Otto von Bismarck was an aristocratic German leader who oversaw the unification of Germany in the late 19th century before serving as the first German chancellor.

Vaughan was a Nebraska Democrat who proposed giving a pension to the formerly enslaved.

House was a formerly enslaved woman and founder of the National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty, and Pension Association. House's work can be seen as originating the reparations movement. She criticized the Black elite's lack of solidarity with poor Black people.

Henry Cabot Lodge was a Massachusetts congressman who proposed legislation to discourage racist voter intimidation that did not pass.

Ida B. Wells was a Black journalist and anti-lynching activist who was singular in her commitment to antiracist thinking.

The 32nd president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt was a Democrat who oversaw the New Deal.

Booker T. Washington was a formerly enslaved educator, orator, and head of the Tuskegee Institute who made the famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech of 1895. He was the author of the memoir Up From Slavery (1901).

Havelock Ellis was a British sexologist who was the first person to use the term "homosexual."

William Archibald Dunning

Dunning was a Columbia University professor and the developer of the Dunning School of Reconstruction, a group of historians that blamed Reconstruction's failure on Black people.

Thomas Dixon Jr. was the most influential member of the Dunning School.

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States.

Boas was a German Jewish scholar known as the father of anthropology.

Jack Johnson was a Black boxer who made history by being the first Black person to make it to the heavyweight championships final. However, the match was ultimately cancelled after Johnson was arrested on fabricated charges and fled the country.

Jim Jeffries was an American boxer who was the World Heavyweight Champion.

Villard was an American journalist and William Lloyd Garrison's grandson; considered the "darling of White liberal America."

Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and Chancellor of Germany from 1934-1945.

Terman was a Stanford psychologist and eugenicist who invented the IQ test.

Marx was a German theorist who developed the political philosophy of communism in the 19th century.

Harding was the 29th president of the United States.

Bigger Thomas was the tormented main character in Richard Wright's book .

Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian anticolonial revolutionary and the first Prime Minister and President of independent Ghana.

Jomo Kenyatta was a Kenyan anticolonial activist and the first indigenous head of government of Kenya, serving as President and then Prime Minister from 1963-1978.

Truman was the 33rd president of the United States. He introduced the Truman Doctrine, which emphasized the U.S.' role in protecting the freedoms of people around the world.

Truman's successor as president, Eisenhower was in power during the early civil rights movement. Facing shame from the international community, Eisenhower enforced desegregation using the U.S. military.

Emmet Till was a 14-year-old Black boy brutally murdered by a lynch mob in Mississippi during the era of "massive resistance" to desegregation.

Barry Goldwater was an ultra-conservative Arizona senator who ran for president on the Republican ticket in 1964.

Alex Haley was a Black author who wrote the 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family cowrote Malcolm X's Autobiography.

Moynihan was a white politician who authored the infamous Moynihan Report, which pathologized the matriarchal structure of Black families in the U.S.

Carmichael was a Trinidadian American activist who graduated from Howard University, served as chairman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, and is thought to be the first person to use (or at least popularize) the phrase Black Power. He later changed his name to Kwame Ture.

Kathleen Cleaver was a Black Power activist and the first woman to serve in the Black Panther's Central Committee.

Nixon was the 37th president of the United States. Nixon introduces the "law and order" style of political leadership, ramping up policing and mass incarceration only for his own presidency to end in the Watergate Scandal, a crime for which he is never incarcerated.

James Brown as a funk musician whose song "Say It Loud-I'm Black and I'm Proud" helped popularize Black Power.

Mitchell was the first Black woman to run for president of the United States, on the Communist Party ticket in 1968.

Toni Morrison was a Black novelist considered by some to be the greatest writer in American history.

Maya Angelou was a poet, writer, and activist.

George Jackson was a Black author and revolutionary who was one of the Soledad Brothers. He was killed during an attempted escape from prison.

Audre Lorde was a Black lesbian feminist poet and activist.

Shange was a Black feminist poet and playwright.

Alice Walker was a Black feminist writer.

Bo Derek was a white actress who became famous for sporting cornrows, which were nicknamed "Bo Braids."

Jimmy Carter was the 39th president of the United States.

Blackmun was a white Supreme Court Justice who warned against the perils of "race-blind" approach to policy.

Gus Hall was the Communist Party's presidential candidate in 1980.

George H. W. Bush was the 41st president of the United States.

Asante was the founder of Afrocentrism and chair of Temple University's Black Studies Department.

Rodney King was a Black taxi driver in Los Angeles who was brutally beaten by the LAPD in 1991.

Maxine Waters is a Black California Congresswoman.

C. Delores Tucker was a Civil Rights activist critical of what she termed "Gangsta rap."

Evelynn Hammonds is a Black feminist professor, formerly based at M.I.T. and now Harvard. In 1994, she organized the conference "Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name."

Dilulio was a Princeton professor and inventor of the racist term "super-predator."

Mumia Abu-Jamal is a Black journalist and political prisoner.

John McWhorter is a Black conservative linguist who developed the idea that Black people were self-sabotaging, preventing their own progress.

Dorothy Roberts is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania who works at the intersection of race, gender, law, and science.

Crystal Mangum is a Black woman who falsely accused a group of white lacrosse players from Duke University of rape.

Shereese Francis was a Black woman who was suffocated and murdered by the NYPD in 2012.

Rekia Boyd was a Black woman who was shot and killed by an off-duty Chicago police officer in 2012.

Shantel Davis was a Black woman who was shot and killed by an NYPD officer in 2012.

Patrisse Cullors is an activist and cofounder of the #BlackLivesMatter movement.

Opal Tometti is an activist and cofounder of the #BlackLivesMatter movement.

Alicia Garza is an activist and cofounder of the #BlackLivesMatter movement.

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Jefferson Davis was a 19th-century Mississippi senator who went on to become president of the Confederacy. In a 1860 speech he claimed that the "inequality of white and black races" in America was "stamped from the beginning." Crenshaw was a legal scholar who developed the concept of intersectionality.

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" He  started  an  organization  called  the  American

Colonization Society (ACS) and wrote the manifesto for it, outlining how free Blacks would need to be trained to take care of themselves so that they could go back to Africa and take care of their motherland"(pg.57)

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"Garrison  wasn’t  the  only  man  who  felt  this  way and was unafraid to speak out against colonization"(pg.65)

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"...had been a leader in the Southern Negro Youth Congress,

an antiracist organization that protested racial and economic disparities"(pg.116)

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Her activist and academic work are rooted in providing intellectual discourse, tools, and resources that explore the intersection of race and womanhood.

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Jolie donated the same sum of money to the BLM organization that she did it in an effort to help Americans get over their long history of systemic racism and move on to a future of true equality.

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KEY POINTS

Angelina Jolie talked about her realization following the lockdown

Jolie voiced out her stand against racism and discrimination

Jolie called for action to address structural racism and impunity

Jolie revealed she's been monitoring BLM activists online

She previously donated to NAACP Legal Defense Fund

Angelina Jolie, who's notable for her charity and humanitarian causes, has finally spoken her thoughts amid the ongoing world crisis - the battle against COVID-19, racial inequality and injustice.

Jolie, who was appointed Special Envoy by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 2012, revealed that, despite her involvement with the said organization and numerous field missions around the world to aid refugees and internally displaced persons, the effects of COVID-19 pandemic made her rethink about the sufferings and needs within her own country.

In an interview with Harpers Bazaar, Jolie said that she could not tolerate a system that may not able to protect her daughter or any other man, woman or child in the U.S. because of their skin color. Jolie said that millions of people around the world flee their homes because of war and persecution yet, unfortunately, racism and discrimination were rampant in the U.S.

Jolie further stated that putting an end to abuses in policing was just a start. However, other aspects in society such as the education system and politics needed to be changed too.

Jolie called for action -emphasizing that progress should go beyond sympathy. The "Maleficent: Mistress of Evil" said that laws and policies to address "structural racism and impunity" were needed.

"It's time to make changes in our laws and our institutions -listening to those who have been most affected and whose voices have been excluded," the 45-year-old actress said.

Three out of her six children with Brad Pitt were adopted. Maddox, 18, was born in Cambodia; Pax, 16, was born in Vietnam and Zahara, 15, was born in Ethiopia.

Pitt's ex-wife, in the same interview, revealed that she has been monitoring the Black Lives Matter activists online.

Jolie, on her birthday (June 4), showed her support against racial injustice by donating $200,000 to the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Jolie's donation came in amid the worldwide protests following the deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and others, Metro UK reported.

NAACP Legal Defense Fund has fought for racial equality and social justice. The organization's urgent call for legislative reform has been reportedly supported by Pitt's ex.

Jolie has supported numerous charities and foundations, including Global Action for Children, Afghanistan Relief Organization, Kids in Need of Defense, UNICEF, Women in the World Foundation, Yele Haiti Foundation and more, according to Look to the Stars.

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Angelina Jolie Amid The Black Lives Matter Protests: 'It's Time To Make Changes'

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Angelina Jolie talked about her realization following the lockdown Jolie voiced out her stand against racism and discrimination Jolie called for action to address structural racism and impunity Jolie revealed she's been monitoring BLM activists online She previously donated to NAACP Legal Defense Fund Angelina Jolie, who's notable for her charity and humanitarian causes, has finally spoken her thoughts amid the ongoing world crisis - the battle against COVID-19, racial inequality and injustice.

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He showed his solidarity for the movement by participating in the Black Lives Matter protest along the stretch of Hollywood and even made a significant donation to the Black-Led LGTBQ Freedom Fund.

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The one-time 'American Idol' runner-up also performed track "On the Moon" from his new album 'Velvet' during the show.

Adam Lambert appeared on The Late Late Show with James Corden on Wednesday (June 10) to talk about his experience protesting with the Black Lives Matter movement.

"What a week! I have run the range of emotions, obviously a lot of what I saw made me angry -- I know I'm not the only one," he told host James Corden about his reaction to death of George Floyd and subsequent videos of police brutality across the country that have since gone viral. "And it's really interesting that it took something like this to allow us white folks to have a little bit of an inkling of an understanding of what Black Americans have been going through in our country for way too long.

"You know, the fact that the police were brutal to peaceful protestors of all different colors really opened our eyes, I think," Lambert continued, "and I think it's an amazing time. Even though there's a lot of violence and a lot of fear, it's amazing how many people have come together to do these peaceful protests all over the world now. I mean, I went to one in Hollywood the day before yesterday and it was beautiful. I was moved by everybody coming together and really voicing their disgust for racism. It's an incredible moment in our history."

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Adam Lambert Recalls 'Beautiful' Experience of Protesting With Black Lives Matter on 'Corden'

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The one-time 'American Idol' runner-up also performed track "On the Moon" from his new album 'Velvet' during the show. Adam Lambert appeared on The Late Late Show with James Corden on Wednesday (June 10) to talk about his experience protesting with the Black Lives Matter movement. "What a week!

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She is the author of the #1 New York Times bestseller So You Want to Talk About Race and her work on race has been featured in The Guardian, The New York Times and The Washington Post, among many other publications.

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Ijeoma Oluo is a writer, speaker and internet yeller. She is the author of the #1 New York Times bestseller , and, coming in January 2024, BE A REVOLUTION: How Everyday People are Fighting Oppression and Changing the World - and How You Can, Too . Her work on race has been featured in The Guardian, The New York Times and The Washington Post, among many other publications. She was named to the 2021 TIME 100 Next list and has twice been named to the Root 100. She received the 2018 Feminist Humanist Award and the 2020 Harvard Humanist of the Year Award from the American Humanist Association. She lives in Seattle, Washington.

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Ijeoma Oluo | Writer, Speaker, Internet Yeller

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Ijeoma Oluo is a writer, speaker and internet yeller. She is the author of the #1 New York Times bestseller So You Want to Talk About Race and most recently, Mediocre: The Dangerous Legacy of White Male America.