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Bangsa-Sama.com | Facebook

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I have been tasked to create an e-portfolio regarding the cultural element in Malaysia. Padlet.com is a platform that I have been tasked to create the e-portfolio as it is user friendly and it is easy to organize. The cultural element that I chose is dance (art and literature), and the ethnic groups that I have chosen includes the Mah Meri community, the Iban community, the Melanau community, the Kristang community and the Sama Bajau community

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To understand the uniqueness of art is a beauty of itself. And to learn differences of arts that existed from every culture that I have learned is breathtaking. I have been tasked to create an e-portfolio regarding one of the cultural elements that I have learned in class and to choose 5 different ethnic groups in Malaysia from which I decided to choose dance as my main topic. It started off with a passion of mine, as music and photography are hobbies of mine. As time progressed with searching the materials essential with my topic in hand, I began to self reflect on the potential for dance and art as a tool for exploring perceptions about cultural identity.

What I have known before I started to do this research is that every culture has its own form of dances. Based on the knowledge that I have known; I use as it as a guideline to search for materials as to gain a deeper understanding the context behind the dances that they practiced. What I have learned is that the art of dances is created from their own cultural beliefs. As for example, I have learned from the Mah Meri ethnic group express their gratitude towards their ancestral spirits through dancing. Gaining these knowledges helps me to appreciate the history of these dances, the emotions that they expressed through the step its formed and the practices that they have preserved for more than hundreds of years.

In contrast, I noticed that there has been much less information that I gained through secondary sources, such as news article, Youtube videos, research articles, and other secondary sources that can further help me in this research which is a tad disappointing. It shows that most of Malaysians are less aware of other culture in Malaysia. My point of view is that we are ignorant.  In my opinion, as a Malaysian, it is crucial for us to learn our cultural heritage. Each of every race and the variety of culture that exists in our country represent our identity as Malaysia. All in all, my hope is to give awareness towards our Malaysians to appreciate our variety of culture, to learn more about other culture in our country and to make an effort to preserve the beauty of our arts so that the future generations know the beauty of our cultural heritage.

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Saving the Malay Peninsula's centuries-old Portuguese creole (southeastasiaglobe.com)

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Weekend in Mukah for Pesta Kaul - BorneoTalk

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The Melanau are thought to be among Sarawak's first settlers. Until recently, the Melanau did not use the word Melanau to refer to themselves. They are known as a-likou, which means "people of the river."

The Melanau live in a low-lying swampy plain in Sarawak's coastal area, which is covered in thick tropical forest. Mukah, Matu, Daro, Dalat, Bintulu, Kanowit, and Sibu are among the towns where they can be found.

There are many dialects of the Melanau language. However, the majority of Melanau people communicate with people of other dialects using the Mukah dialect.

Source:

Melanau in Malaysia | Joshua Project

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Source:

TARIAN MENYAK (MELANAU) (wordpress.com)

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The Menyak dance depicts the rural life of the Melanau community on the coast of Sarawak in the manufacture of sago.

This dance movement, includes the activity of making sago from cutting, scraping and stepping to remove the sago until the final stage when the sago ball produced. This dance, too, depicts the cooperation between men and women in a situation harmony in carrying out their daily routines

The dress for the Menyak dance performance is not much different from the formal dress at the time attending weddings or during celebrations to welcome dignitaries. The only difference is in the length cut of the sleeves, legs and the use of buttons on the shirt. The sleeves and leg cuts of these pants are 3 quarters long. These are most people's clothes
which is used to do work in the forest and sea. Usually they wear black clothes, both men and women.

According to their beliefs, the color black symbolizes love for fellow human beings.

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The Iban Clan (revistavenamerica.com)

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Mah Meri (meaning "jungle man") is a tribe of indigenous peoples or "orang asli" which are divided into three main groupings – Negrito, Senoi and Proto Malay. The Mah Meri, who are part of the Senoi tribe, were originally seafaring nomads who settled in the islands off Thailand's west coast, Myanmar, and Carey Island, Malaysia, about 300 years ago.

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The mask dance, known as Mayin Jo-oh, is one of the Mah Meri people's most well-known dances. It is a cultural dance performed to invite the ancestral spirits, or muyang, to participate in the festivities. The actors in this dance wear grotesque masks and act with expressions and gestures to depict daily activities like fishing and celebrations.
The spirits of birds and other animals that live in the Mah Meri's surroundings, such as the swamp and the sea, are represented by the masks worn in the Mah Meri Mask Dance. Nipah leaf skirts and plaited nipah headdresses are worn by the female dancers. Male masked dancers performed clockwise around the women, while female performers danced anti-clockwise around an earthen mound called a busot. The dance is accompanied by music from the tuntog (bamboo stampers), jule (viola), tambo (double-headed drum), and a-tawa (brass gong).

Source:
"Communities - Mah Meri -"  by Pusaka.org

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The Mah Meri people are one of the 18 tribes of Orang Asli (indigenous people) living in West Malaysia. Most of them reside in Pulau Carey, Selangor. The Mah Meri are known for their wood carvings and also for the richness of their songs and dances. One of the most well-known dances of the Mah Meri people is the mask dance, called Mayin Jo-oh - a traditional dance performed to invite the ancestral spirits, or muyang, to join in the festivity. In this dance, the performers wear grotesque masks and perform with movements and gestures to relate everyday events such as fishing and celebrations.

The masks worn in the Mah Meri Mask Dance depict the spirits of birds and other animals that inhabit the Mah Meri's surroundings, such as the swamp and the sea. The female dances wear skirts of nipah leaves and plaited nipah head dress. The female performers dance anti-clockwise around an earthen mound, called a busot, while the male masked dancers performed clockwise around the women. The dance is performed accompanied by the music from the tuntog (bamboo stampers), jule (viola), tambo (double-headed drum) and a-tawa (brass gong).

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The Mah Meri people are one of the 18 tribes of Orang Asli (indigenous people) living in West Malaysia. Most of them reside in Pulau Carey, Selangor. The Mah Meri are known for their wood carvings and also for the richness of their songs and dances.

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SPM 2017 - ORANG ASLI: TARIAN JO'OH MAHMERI [29 JULAI 2017]

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News Article: The mystical dance of the ancient spirits!

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News Article: The mystical dance of the ancient spirits!

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by Elena Koshy (24 February, 2019)

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News Article: Join Malaysia's Mah Meri tribe in the Puja Pantai thanksgiving ceremony

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News Article: Join Malaysia's Mah Meri tribe in the Puja Pantai thanksgiving ceremony

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By Dinesh Kumar Maganathan (11 January 2020)

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Ever wanted to be part of an indigenous community event that's over 300 years old? On Jan 29, you can witness the Mah Meri tribe performing a seaside ceremony called Puja Pantai, a thanksgiving ritual, which offers prayers to the spirits of the seas in Carey Island, Selangor.

Puja Pantai is one of the important rituals still being practised by the Mah Meri and it is believed to appease the guardians of the sea and honour the protector spirits.

The day-long Puja Pantai Festival 2020 will take place at the Mah Meri Cultural Village in Carey Island.

For the first time since Puja Pantai was opened to the public in 2016, visitors would be able to participate in the parade section of this thanksgiving ritual. Visitors can assist villagers in carrying some of the offerings to sea.

The Puja Pantai Festival has given the Mah Meri tribe a platform to introduce their culture to the masses, but visitors will still need to be respectful and mindful it is an important traditional ritual for the community.

The villagers believe that the Moyang Getah (Spirit of the Rubber) protected their junk ship that was caught in a big storm off the coast of Carey Island, near Tanjung Rhu hundreds of years ago.

"Visitors are expected to behave respectfully so as to not disrupt the ceremony. During the parade, they should not block the path or form crowds in front of them. They should not take the food and drinks from the altars as these offerings are for the spirits of the sea, " says Rachael Lum, LokaLocal's content and marketing lead.

This is the fourth year the Mah Meri Cultural Village will be partnering with LokaLocal, an online travel marketplace for experiential activities, to promote Puja Pantai.

The cultural village works alongside the Mah Meri community to preserve their cultural heritage, while educating the outside world about their way of life.

This year, up to 200 visitors can participate in this ritual, which starts at 9am.

The day before the ritual, the villagers will spread rice offerings into the sea and offer prayers to the spirit houses. At sunset, the villagers will commemorate their departed loved ones by offering food and drinks to them.

On the day itself, the villagers will march to the grand altar during low tide to make their offerings. Visitors can receive blessings from the Mah Mari shaman, join the traditional dance and witness the ceremony itself after lunch. During the festival, the Mah Meri tribesmen and women wear intricately carved masks and perform the mystifying Tarian Jo-oh and Tarian Topeng, which are the main features of the festival repertoire. These famous wood masks produced by the Mah Meri crafts people from Carey Island have also been selected as one of the country's handicraft products to be highlighted in conjunction with Visit Malaysia Year 2020.

"Most Malaysians are not aware of how truly diverse our country is. Joining the Puja Pantai event to observe these age-old rituals can open our eyes to a lesser-known cultural heritage.

"At the same time, this is a way of showing our support for the Mah Meri and encouraging them to continue Puja Pantai for years to come, " shares Lum.
The Puja Pantai Festival 2020 is on at the Mah Meri Cultural Village, Jalan Kampung Orang Asli Sungai Bumbun, Kampung Manikavasagam, Carey Island in Selangor on Jan 29. Entrance fee: RM90. For more details: www.lokalocal.com.

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Join the Mah Meri tribe in an ancient ritual at the Puja Pantai Festival

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Ever wanted to be part of an indigenous community event that's over 300 years old? On Jan 29, you can witness the Mah Meri tribe performing a seaside ceremony called Puja Pantai, a thanksgiving ritual, which offers prayers to the spirits of the seas in Carey Island, Selangor.

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Duku, P., & AbdulAmin, F. N. (2017, October 24). Book describes Life and Culture of the Mah Meri Tribe. https://www.malaysia-insights.com/life-and-culture-of-the-mah-meri-tribe/.

Koshy, E. (2019, February 24). The mystical dance of the ancient spirits!: New Straits Times. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/02/463091/mystical-dance-ancient-spirits.

Maganathan, D. K. (2020, January 10). Join the Mah Meri tribe in an ancient ritual at the Puja Pantai Festival. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/01/11/join-malaysia039s-mah-meri-tribe-in-an-ancient-ritual-at-the-puja-pantai-festival.

PUSAKA. (n.d.). Communities - Mah Meri. https://www.pusaka.org/communities-mah-meri.

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Sama, also known as Samal or Bajau, is one of Southeast Asia's largest and most diverse ethnolinguistic communities.

The first mention of maritime peoples who could be identified as Sama dates from the 16th century. Today, the Sama live in isolated shoreline and island villages, which are often surrounded and penetrated by more numerous land-based populations.

The Bajau people are mostly Muslim. They speak as many as seven distinct mother-tongue languages, all of which are part of the Malayo-Polynesian Sama-Bajau subgroup.

Sama-Bajau in Malaysia | Joshua Project

Sama | people | Britannica

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When Melaka was a port and a centre of Portuguese colonial rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Kristang creole people emerged.

Portuguese men married Malay women who were native to the country. Intermarriages with Dutch, British, Chinese, and Indian settlers later enriched the Kristang stock.

Kristangs speak a special creole language based on Portuguese, in addition to Bahasa Malaysia and English.

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The Iban are a subgroup of Borneo's Dayak people. They were wrongly dubbed Sea Dayak by the British because they were once pirates and fishermen. They were also regarded as the island of Borneo's most courageous headhunters. They are Sarawak's largest ethnic group and one of Brunei's most significant indigenous groups. These Ibans speak a variety of languages that are known as a subgroup of the Malayic-Dayak language family. The tribe was originally animists, but many now practice Christianity and Islam as their religions.

Source:

See the Borneo headhunters, the Iban Tribe! | The Great Projects

Sea Dayak, Iban in Malaysia | Joshua Project

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The Iban community created the ‘ngajat' dance, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Warriors are thought to have performed the Ngajat dance when they returned from battle. This dance is now performed to commemorate Gawai Dayak, the most important harvest festival, and to welcome important guests to the longhouses, among other things.

Dancers wear traditional dances such as sirat, gagung, or bird clothes and hats decorated with bird feathers. This dance is danced by standing on a straight circle up and down, the dancers will jump with the accompaniment of the song where each beat played is in accordance with the ceremony.

Another of these dances is that the dancer will hold a wooden shield in his left hand and a sword in his right hand and then dance as if facing the enemy by swinging his hand to the left and to the right.

Source:

“Ngajat” Iban Dance | The Land of Hornbill's Celebrations (wordpress.com)

Tarian Ngajat | PUSAT KEBUDAYAAN DAN KESENIAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH (upm.edu.my)

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Ngajat dance for Iban people is a dance during Gawai Day celebrations. Dancers use traditional dances like sirat, gagung, or bird costume and hat decorated with bird feathers. Giant is a type of thick and hard clothes made of animal skins such as bears leather but not sewn left and right. The dance is performed by standing above the circle of ups and downs, the dancer will jump along with the accompaniment of the song in which each beat is played according to the ceremony. Another dance is that dancers will hold a left-handed armor and a sword in the right hand and dance like a face with the enemy by swinging his left and right hands. The tools used in this dance are like big and small gongs, drums, loudspeakers, wraths, horror and Sapeh, a stringed instrument like a guitar.

Date of Input: 27/09/2018 | Updated: 26/06/2020 | kamarulhelmy

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Ngajat dance for Iban people is a dance during Gawai Day celebrations. Dancers use traditional dances like sirat, gagung, or bird costume and hat decorated with bird feathers. Giant is a type of thick and hard clothes made of animal skins such as bears leather but not sewn left and right.

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News Article: Malaysia Day Special: East and West Malaysian unity in a family

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News Article: Malaysia Day Special: East and West Malaysian unity in a family

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To Peter Luruthudass Annaniah, 51, Malaysia Day is all about unity and multicultural families reflect that unity.

"This special day commemorates unity between East and West Malaysia, and in a country with so many ethnicities and faiths, multicultural families are a way of uniting different cultures, " says Peter who is in product development.

Peter and his wife Maria Kirau Lusat, 42, live in Bayan Lepas, Penang. Both of them come from very different cultures.

"My father is a typical Indian man - very strict and deeply religious - that's why our names are all very Indian names, " says Peter, who grew up in Tapah, Perak where his grandfather (originally from Tamil Nadu, India), used to practise Ayurvedic medicine.

"In English, my name is Lourdes, but in Tamil, it is Luruthu, with the name Dass tagged onto it, while Peter is my Christian name, " he explains.

His wife, Maria is from Kampung Long Moh in Ulu Baram, Miri, Sarawak. She is Kenyah (an indigenous people from East Malaysian).

They have been married for 15 years and just celebrated their wedding anniversary last month.

The couple reveal that in the early stages of their relationship, they had to learn to adapt to each other's different cultural ways.

"I come from an Indian family and work for a German company where everything must be precise and on the dot, " Peter says.

"Then, I met Maria, and it was a whole different world. In Sarawak, life is more relaxed, people tend to 'take it easy'.

"So, when I come back from work, I have to change my paradigm because at home, everything moves at a more laid back pace, " he says.

"That's why having an attitude of mutual respect and tolerance towards each other is so important in a multicultural family, " Maria adds.

Communication can be challenging, especially with family members who don't speak any common languages. But it can also have its funny moments.

"When I went to see Maria's parents to ask for her hand in marriage, I remember talking to her mother and wondering: Why is she not replying? Is there anything wrong? Is she objecting?" Peter recalls.

But it was because she didn't understand English and his wife had forgotten to inform him!

"My mother only speaks Kenyah, so it's difficult for my husband to communicate with her... as the idiom goes, it's 'like a chicken and duck talking', " Maria says.

In the end, Maria's father, who speaks good English, had to be their interpreter.

Not just their immediate family is multicultural. Peter, who is the youngest of three brothers and a sister, reveals that even from his father's generation, an uncle married Punjabi-Chinese. And, his elder brother is also married to a Chinese.

"So, when I introduced Maria to my parents, there were no objections as the path had already been cleared, " Peter says.

Maria, who is seventh out of nine siblings, reveals that two of her sisters are married to Chinese, while the rest, to Iban, other Kenyah, other Orang Asli, and Indians.

Peter speaks Malay, English, Tamil and German, and he picked up Kenyah from his wife, and also Cantonese in Tapah where he grew up. Maria speaks Malay, English and Kenyah.

At home, they speak English, Malay and a bit of Kenyah to their children. Their two children - a daughter, 14, and a son, 12 - have mixed reactions about being a multicultural family.

"Our daughter says that although it's difficult having to adapt to two different cultures, she feels unique and blessed being mixed, " Peter says.

Then, he feigns shock when revealing that his son prefers his wife's Kenyah culture over his Indian culture.

Being a multicultural family means celebrating festivals in a more unique way.

Peter and Maria usually spend Christmas in Sarawak.

"On Christmas eve, we'll celebrate as one big family, feasting and drinking tuak, " says Maria.

"After the reunion dinner, we'll sing and do the Ngajat (cultural dance) that everyone takes part in, " adds Peter.

"There's also "ngabang" or visits to relatives' homes, followed by more drinking and dancing, " says Maria.

Peter feels that being part of a multicultural family is like having the best of both worlds.

"I love Kenyah culture - their Sape (traditional lute) music, Tuai (harvest) festival, Ngajat dance, and how they celebrate festivals such as Christmas and New Year.

"I also like Maria's kampung in Miri, it's very deep inside the interior of Sarawak with a clean environment and beautiful rivers, " he says.

"The nice thing about being from a multicultural family is... the food. We get to taste and make different types of food from other cultures, " Maria says.

She makes traditional Kenyah dishes such as Ayam Pansuh (chicken cooked inside bamboo), Adut (glutinous rice dumplings), Anyeh (glutinous rice cookies), Kerumet (baked cassava cake with chicken inside), and grilled chicken Kenyah style.

"Maria is an excellent cook! She can cook Indian food like restaurant quality. She also cooks Chinese, Malay and of course, Kenyah food, " Peter enthuses.

She makes great curries - mutton, chicken, fish and fish head, dhal - as well as tossei, chapati, idli, murukku and vadai, he beams.

"I learnt how to cook Indian food from my mother-in-law, and Chinese food because my two sisters are married to Chinese and learnt from their in-laws too, " she says.

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Malaysia Day Special: East and West Malaysian unity in a family

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To Peter Luruthudass Annaniah, 51, Malaysia Day is all about unity and multicultural families reflect that unity. "This special day commemorates unity between East and West Malaysia, and in a country with so many ethnicities and faiths, multicultural families are a way of uniting different cultures, " says Peter who is in product development.

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News article: Remaining the Gawai tradition, Ngajat dance is not forgotten even in the atmosphere of PKPB

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News article: Remaining the Gawai tradition, Ngajat dance is not forgotten even in the atmosphere of PKPB

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As translated from news article "Kekal tradisi Gawai, tarian Ngajat tidak dilupa walaupun dalam suasana PKPB" by Astro Awani (2020)

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Kepelbagaian tarian Ngajat membuktikan masyarakat Iban kaya dengan adat tradisi dan ia dipertahankan. -Gambar Astro AWANI

Tarian Ngajat cukup sinonim dengan kehidupan masyarakat Iban.

Rentak tarinya yang unik membawa makna tertentu serta menggambarkan sesuatu situasi yang begitu dekat dengan masyarakat kaum itu.

Kini, tarian yang menjadi lambang tradisi masyarakat Iban adalah merupakan satu kewajipan dalam sesebuah kemeriahan seperti perayaan sambutan Gawai Dayak.

Bagi Pensyarah Kolej Komuniti Sibu, Dylinda Andrew Anem, sambutan Pesta Menuai di rumah panjang Nanga Jelai, Batang Oya tahun ini sedikit berlainan dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya kerana ia disambut dalam suasana Perintah Kawalan Pergerakkan Bersyarat (PKPB).

Namun, ia tidak menghalang penduduk di rumah panjang tersebut menyemai adat tradisi kaum itu dengan mempersembahkan Ngajat Ngalu Temuai secara sederhana.

"Tarian ini seharusnya dibawa ke tahap lebih tinggi dan dibanggakan oleh setiap anak Iban. Walaupun saya berbangsa Bidayuh tetapi saya amat menggemarinya," kata Dylinda.

Selain Ngajat Temuai, terdapat berbagai lagi variasi tarian warisan ini. Antaranya, Ngajat Kuta, Ngajat Pua Kumbu, dan Ngajat Indu.

Perbezaan setiap jenis Ngajat ini juga dipersembahkan bergantung kepada sesebuah upacara yang diraikan.

Mengambil contoh, pada zaman dahulu, tarian Ngajat Ngemai Antu Pala dipersembahkan sebagai simbol kemenangan dalam menentang musuh peperangan.

Manakala, tarian Ngajat Ngalu Temuai seperti yang dipersembahkan di rumah panjang tersebut adalah bagi menyambut kedatangan tetamu kehormat ataupun orang luar.

Menurut salah seorang penduduk, Douglas Udam Inggang, lenggok tari Ngajat membuatkan dirinya jatuh hati untuk mempelajari tarian warisan ini.

"Saya melihat dan mewarisi tarian Ngajat daripada ayah saya. Biasanya kini, Ngajat ditarikan bagi memeriahkan hari perayaan dan juga perkahwinan," beritahunya ketika ditemu bual Astro AWANI.

Jelasnya lagi, rentak keramat seperti gendang Rayah dipalu bagi mengiringi tarian Ngajat Ngalu Temuai dan ia menandakan penduduk menerima mesra kehadiran tetamu.

Bagaimanapun ujarnya, tarian Ngajat juga melalui evolusi tersendiri mengikut peredaran masa.

Kini, unsur mistik dalam tarian turun-temurun ini kurang diamalkan. Namun, elemen asli masih dikekalkan bagi pertahan warisan berharga ini.

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Kekal tradisi Gawai, tarian Ngajat tidak dilupa walaupun dalam suasana PKPB

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Kepelbagaian tarian Ngajat membuktikan masyarakat Iban kaya dengan adat tradisi dan ia dipertahankan. -Gambar Astro AWANI Tarian Ngajat cukup sinonim dengan kehidupan masyarakat Iban. Rentak tarinya yang unik membawa makna tertentu serta menggambarkan sesuatu situasi yang begitu dekat dengan masyarakat kaum itu.

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América, G. V. (2016, November 20). The Iban Clan. Revista Ven América. https://revistavenamerica.com/the-iban-clan/.

helmy, K. (2018, September 27). Ngajat Dance. Tarian Ngajat | PUSAT KEBUDAYAAN DAN KESENIAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH |. https://pkkssaas.upm.edu.my/article/ngajat_dance-43599.

Joshua Project. (n.d.). Sea Dayak, Iban in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12167/MY.

Reyfill, A. S., & Nmitz, S. (2010, November 25). "Ngajat" Iban Dance. The Land of Hornbill's Celebrations. https://sharmabelle.wordpress.com/the-gawai-festival/introduction/ngajat-dance/.

Teoh, M. (2020, September 16). Malaysia Day Special: East and West Malaysian unity in a family. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/family/2020/09/16/malaysia-day-special-multicultural-families-are-all-about-unity.

Wilson, G. (2021, April 9). See the Borneo headhunters, the Iban Tribe! See the Borneo headhunters, the Iban Tribe! | The Great Projects. https://www.thegreatprojects.com/blog/the-head-hunters-of-borneo-meet-the-iban-tribe.

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Tarian Igal-Igal, Selit wang di jari penari – Kata Malaysia

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News Article: Hut, traditional sago-making demo impress visitors

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News Article: Hut, traditional sago-making demo impress visitors

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SIBU: Sibu Melanau Association (PMS) wowed visitors with its traditional sago making demonstration in a hut call 'nyanan' at the Borneo Cultural Festival (BCF) here.

PMS chairman Drahman Jabar said visitors get to experience how Melanaus produce sago in the olden days.

Explaining the process, he said it started with the felling of sago trees or 'tubeng balau' (in Melanau).

"Each sago tree will be cut into at least three sections or logs - each measuring about three feet long.

"During my time, a sago tree is sold for RM10 to RM12. Now a section or the log can cost more than RM 10," Jabar said when met at the association's hut on Monday.

"The bark of the log is removed and the log placed on two tied planks and the pith is shreded with a plank with spikes ('marut' in Melanau) into 'pou'.

"The 'pou' is taken to the extraction house ('nyanan') where it is mixed with water drawn from the river using a special bucket made from sago palm leaves," he explained.

A 'nyanan' is usually built by the riverbank and this is where raw sago starch is extracted by stomping barefooted on the 'pou'.

This process was called 'menyak' and it is often displayed in the (Melanau) 'menyak' dance where dancers imitate the stomping movement.

The 'menyak' process produces raw sago starch which is collected in a special container called a 'jalur'.

"The raw sago starch will be cleaned, kneaded and mixed with ingredients including salt; and shaped into small round grains to be baked in a traditional clay oven," he said.

The traditional way to make sago can take up to three days, but it has now been taken over by machines.

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Hut, traditional sago-making demo impress visitors - Borneo Post Online

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SIBU: Sibu Melanau Association (PMS) wowed visitors with its traditional sago making demonstration in a hut call 'nyanan' at the Borneo Cultural Festival (BCF) here. PMS chairman Drahman Jabar said visitors get to experience how Melanaus produce sago in the olden days.

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Among the Sabah dances that are still popular is the igal-igal dance which is a famous traditional dance in the Semporna district, especially among the Bajau and Tausug or Suluk tribes.

The igal-igal dance is a traditional dance of the East Coast Bajau tribe (Sama-Bajau), which is taken from the English word 'eagle'.

The Bajau are a unique race because they have strong instincts such as being able to feel the wind through the senses and know the direction of the wind. Igal is also the same because it is natural, the Bajau are good at dancing because Igal is through the heart.

These igal-igal dances can be performed in groups, pairs or alone. Usually, this dance will be accompanied by traditional music and also two singers who will fight the verses spontaneously.

Traditional musical instruments such as the kulintangan, gong, tagungguk, and tambur are often used in the music for this dance. Some, on the other hand, are accompanied by more modern musical instruments like keyboards or organs.

Not only that, but there are a few musicians who combine traditional Bajau and Tausug rhythms with modern songs like Hindustani and Indonesian songs.

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The lively branyo is based on the corridinho, a Portuguese folk dance common in the Algarve region of Portugal.

In Malacca, branyo has been performed as part of the Portuguese festival of Introdu or Shrove Sunday, which precedes the holy month of Lent, since the early 16th century. Even today, weddings and festivals such as Festa Senjuan (Saint John's Feast) and Festa San Pedro (Saint Peter's Feast) feature branyo.

When performed at the Portuguese Settlement, branyo rhythms have had such an effect on Malay joget music that Malay musicians sometimes refer to branyo tunes as joget and Malay joget songs as branyo. One example that we can relate to is the Tari Inang.

Inang and Joget have been reworked into various versions of joget and inang in terms of rhythm, movement and choreographed songs from the original movement to the contemporary and new creations.

Communities - Portugese — PUSAKA

TARI INANG & JOGET DALAM SENI PERSEMBAHAN MELAKA | Melaka First

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The music and dance of the Portuguese-Eurasian community of Malacca is characteristically cheerful and vivacious, using instruments such as guitars and tambourine, accordion, tambour or the Malay rebana.

Couples dance in colourful costumes similar to the folk costumes of Portugal - the men wear black bolero jackets and hats while the women wear colourful embroidered skirts. The main songs and dances include the branyo, tianika, maliao and farapeira. One of the most emblematic melodies of the Portuguese-Eurasian community of Malacca is the Jingkli Nona.

In Malacca, some songs of the Portuguese-Eurasian community are sung in old Portuguese that has been passed down orally by master singers. Others are sung in Kristang - the local creole language derived from old Portuguese mixed with Malay words and grammatical structure.

The main styles of the music and dance of the Gente Kristang are branyo and mata-kantiga. The lively branyo is derived from the Portuguese folk dance known as corridinho, found in the Algarve region of Portugal.

Since the early 16th Century, branyo has been performed in Malacca as part of the Portuguese festival of Introdu or Shrove Sunday, before the holy month of Lent. To this day branyo is still played during weddings and festivities such as Festa Senjuan (Saint John's Feast) and Festa San Pedro (Saint Peter's Feast).

The four main rhythms of branyo are jingkli nona, kanji-pape, sarampeh or serampang laut and chorte forte. These branyo rhythms have greatly influenced Malay joget music, so much so that Malay musicians often refer to branyo tunes as joget and Malay joget songs are referred to as branyo when performed at the Portuguese Settlement.

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The music and dance of the Portuguese-Eurasian community of Malacca is characteristically cheerful and vivacious, using instruments such as guitars and tambourine, accordion, tambour or the Malay rebana. Couples dance in colourful costumes similar to the folk costumes of Portugal - the men wear black bolero jackets and hats while the women wear colourful embroidered skirts.

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News Article: Dances of Three countries in Coastal Area Karimun

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News Article: Dances of Three countries in Coastal Area Karimun

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Karimun, Gatra.com - Coastal Area di bibir perairan Kabupaten Karimun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau (Kepri) itu menjadi lebih istimewa bagi pegiat seni dan masyarakat pada Sabtu (3/8) malam.

Dijejali pendaran lampu warna-warni, liukan tubuh para penari di panggung Coastal itu nampak semakin indah. Bukan hanya orang Indonesia yang menari di ajang 'Pelangi Budaya Nusantara' itu. Tapi juga para penari dari negeri tetangga, Malaysia dan Singapura.

Adalah Sanggar Pelangi Budaya Studio(PBS) Karimun bekerjasama dengan Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Karimun yang mendapuk acara itu.

Dari Indonesia, Sanggar SMA N 1 Matangkuli dan Sanggar Bungong Kapula (Aceh Utara) tampil dengan ciri khas tari ratoe jaroh dan tari seudati.

Lalu Sanggar Muaro Raflesia (Bengkulu) dengan tari Pangkek Basoja dan Musik Perkusi Tepikek Mangkoyo Terikek itu. Terus Sanggar Mawar Tanjung (Karimun) dengan tari Semarak Berzapin, Sanggar Wan Sendari (Batam) menampilkan Tari Merak, Sanggar Mutiara Minang (Padang) menampilkan Tari Limo Sapuyuang dan Sanggar Angsana Dance (Karimun) menampilkan Tari Joget Petang Hari dan Pelangi Budaya Studio (Karimun).

Malaysia sendiri menurunkan empat sanggar; Sanggar Seri Cahaya Temenggong (kental dengan tari zapin), Sanggar D'seri Daksina Citra Lestari dengan tampilan tari Siwwang, Sanggar Mejelis Kebudayaan Jelebu dengan penampilan tari Samrah dan Sanggar Suluh Tingkah Kesuma menampilkan Tari Menyak.

Singapura hanya menurunkan satu sanggar dengan tarian Satu Jiwa yang menceritakan tentang berbagai jenis keragaman adat istiadat dari berbagai etnis namun tetap dapat menunjukkan jati dirinya sebagai seorang melayu.

Wakil Bupati Karimun Anwar Hasyim yang membuka acara itu berharap kegiatan tadi bisa terus rutin diselenggarakan. "Sebab disamping ajang silahturahmi antar negara, tentu juga dapat melestarikan budaya yang ada. Saya sangat berharap generasi muda kita melestarikan budaya yang ada. Itulah makanya perlu sekali "Pelangi Budaya Nusantara" rutin dilakukan setiap tahun," pinta Anwar.

Bagi Anwar, tarian tidak hanya sekedar mengembangkan seni, tapi lewat tarian budaya dapat terus melekat ke masyarakat.

"Kegiatan ini manfaatnya sangat besar. Selain mengembangkan seni budaya dan mempererat silahturahmi, juga dapat mengangkat derajat Kabupaten Karimun serta mempromosikan Karimun ke negara luar," katanya.

Manager Pelangi Budaya Studio (PBS) Kabupaten Karimun, Fenni Rahayu menjelaskan, kegiatan di Coastal tadi sengaja digelar untuk menjalin silaturahim tiga negara; Malaysia, Indonesia dan Singapura.

"Dengan suksesnya kegiatan tiga negara ini, kedepan kita berharap akan lebih besar lagi. Siapapun boleh ikut andil, yang penting tujuannya untuk hubungan silahturahmi antar sesama sanggar biar terus terjalin dengan baik," katanya.

Menurut Fenni, kegiatan tadi memang dibikin bersifat kedaerahan meski bertaraf internasional. Sebab dengan begitu, para pegiat seni bisa dengan leluasa menuangkan budaya yang ada di daerah masing-masing.
Reporter: Putri Permata Sari

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Liukan Tiga Negara di Coastal Area Karimun | Gaya Hidup

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Karimun, Gatra.com - Coastal Area di bibir perairan Kabupaten Karimun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau (Kepri) itu menjadi lebih istimewa bagi pegiat seni dan masyarakat pada Sabtu (3/8) malam. Dijejali pendaran lampu warna-warni, liukan tubuh para penari di panggung Coastal itu nampak semakin indah. Bukan hanya orang Indonesia yang menari di ajang 'Pelangi Budaya Nusantara' itu.

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Video Article: money-infused igal-igal dance

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Video Article: money-infused igal-igal dance

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translation: Tarian igal-igal diselitkan duit

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Warisan Kita: Portuguese Music & Dance of Malacca

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Borneo Post. (2016, July 27). Hut, traditional sago-making demo impress visitors. Borneo Post Online. https://www.theborneopost.com/2016/07/28/hut-traditional-sago-making-demo-impress-visitors/

Borneo Talk. (2020, April 15). Weekend in Mukah for Pesta Kaul. https://www.borneotalk.com/weekend-in-mukah-for-pesta-kaul/

Joshua Project. (n.d.). Melanau in Malaysia. Retrieved April 30, 2021, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13666/MY

Mat, M. (1997). Modul Tarian Menyak (Melanau). In Asas Tarian Melanau (pp. 1–9). Kementerian Pembangunan Sosial Sarawak. https://anakdalamgading.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/modul-menyak-smk-lundu.pdf

Sari, P. P. (2019, August 5). Liukan Tiga Negara di Coastal Area Karimun | Gaya Hidup. Gatra. https://www.gatra.com/detail/news/435347/gaya%20hidup/liukan-tiga-negara-di-coastal-area-karimun

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In this video, the presenter explains the reason wedding guests insert money into the dancer's hand.

As mention by the presenter, the money that the guests gave to the dancers is called "panji" as the hand movements with money in between their fingers is the same as flag swaying with the wind.

It also shows as a sign of gratitude towards the Igal dancers for enliven the wedding ceremony.

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Tarian joget is a part of a Malay culture that resembles the Branyo dance.

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SPM 2017 - PERSEMBAHAN TARIAN JOGET OLEH NYALA DANCE THEATRE  [19 OKT 2017]

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News Article: Colours of Kristang at Majestic Malacca!

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News Article: Colours of Kristang at Majestic Malacca!

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LIKE a blur, they twirl, joyous in their movements. The air in the otherwise sedate The Mansion restaurant crackles with merriment as the colourful Kristang dance troupe, Dommarina, from the Portuguese Settlement in Ujong Pasir, Melaka swirl and stamp to the mid-tempo Branyo, a dance originating from the Portuguese folk dance, Corridinho from Algarve in southern Portugal.

Around them, the diners, who'd hitherto been tucking into classic Kristang dishes from a menu crafted especially for Kristang Night, a monthly night of heritage (which also includes an artisan market of local crafts and Kristang delicacies) organised by the hotel as a taster leading up to the grand celebrations of The Majestic Malacca's San Pedro's Night on June 27, look on, transfixed by the evening's spirited entertainment.

The Festa San Pedro or Feast of St Peter, which honours the patron saint of fishermen, is a major event in the calendar of the Melaka Portuguese or Kristangs, a community comprising descendants of early Dutch and Portuguese settlers who married the local people of Melaka in the 16th and 17th centuries.

The significance of the Feast harks back to the days when fishing was the main source of livelihood for the settlement's residents and those living at Praya Lane and Kampong Bandar Hilir. Back in the 1930s and 1940s, most of the adult population were involved in the fishing industry. The story goes that before these fishermen ventured out to sea, they'd pray to St Peter to bless them with a good catch.

Every year, both locals and visitors would converge on the settlement to join in the celebrations, which would feature, among other things, lively cultural performances, entertaining stage shows as well as a slew of traditional games. Candles would also be lit by the residents as a symbolic gesture for the fishermen, guiding their path out to sea or as they sailed home.

A FUSION FEAST

Reluctantly tearing my eyes away from all the dancing and music, I turn my attention to the veritable feast that's gradually building up on my already heaving table. Outside, the sky has turned a magical shade of mauve and the leaves on the trees ripple gently from the soft caress of the late evening breeze.

" Kari Debal (Devil Curry), Kari Seccu (slow-cooked beef and potatoes in a dry Portuguese curry), pan-fried omelette infused with fermented shrimp, onion and chilli... I recognise these. Oh wait, what's the fish?" I muse to myself, recalling some of the signature items which I'd noted from the restaurant's Kristang-inspired menu earlier at lunch. The other dishes on the table I've yet to try but certainly am looking forward to sampling.

'Don't forget to try the fish ya? It's the Pesce Pargo Molee," says a deep voice, slicing into my contented reverie. Well, if it isn't the dashing Alvin Kessler, Comprador of The Majestic Malacca, I recall, throwing him a smile of recognition.

I'd been introduced to this affable gentleman, looking debonair clad in a traditional Portuguese ensemble of cropped black jacket with large white buttons, over a pair of dark pants and vibrant red neckerchief jauntily tied around his neck, the moment I waltzed through the hotel doors and checked myself in for my weekend sojourn. His eyes dance under his glasses when he elaborates: "It's Portuguese-style fish stew cooked in coconut milk. Try it with rice!"

According to Kessler, in the past, fish used to be one of the staple items on the dinner table for the Portuguese community. This was hardly surprising as most of them lived near the sea and were fisher folks. Meat dishes tended to make an appearance during festive periods, such as Christmas and Easter.

"For a household to be serving chicken or other types of meat dishes was quite something because back then, these things were pretty scarce," recalls Kessler, before adding wryly: "These days, fish is becoming a luxury!"

Rooted in a 500-year-old legacy, Kristang cuisine is a fusion of many culinary styles, an ode to Melaka's cosmopolitan past. Shares Kessler: "We have the Malay style of cooking, the Chinese, and Indian, as you can see from the fiery sambals, spicy curries and comforting stews that we cook. There are also influences from Portuguese, Dutch and British. Kristang cuisine generally emphasises on the freshest ingredients."

As the melodious strains from a guitar begin to permeate the air and three costume-clad gentlemen take to the "stage", I turn my attention back to my plate, reaching for more of the fish. "You know, growing up, the house would always have music playing, spices cooking and laughter all around," muses Kessler softly. "It was always lively. I really hope that those joining us for our Kristang Night here would also get to experience that sense of vibrancy that I felt growing up."

TO MARKET, TO MARKET

It's a beautiful morning. The sky is a brilliant blue and there's just a hint of a breeze in the still-crisp air. The melodic strains from the night before are still ringing in my ears as I wait by the hotel's steps for my trip to the market as part of the Kristang Culinary Journey itinerary, which is available upon request.

This is the perfect opportunity for guests, especially foreigners, to not only get the chance to experience a typical morning market bustle, but also to get acquainted with our local produce as well as the herbs and spices commonly found in the Kristang kitchen.

"Are you ready? You can come in my car," Kessler's voice suddenly interrupts my thoughts and I find his smiling face looking expectantly at me. His car is already parked in the courtyard, ready for our morning jaunt.

The short drive to the Pasar Besar, located just off Batu Berendam turns out to be an enlightening affair as Kessler happily regales me with stories about his beloved hometown. "Do you know that Melaka used to be a sleepy hollow back in the 70s, 80s and even 90s?" he poses, looking at me through the car's rear view mirror. "By 8pm, everything's dead. It was only when the tourism drive started and hotels began sprouting up that Melaka became alive."

The drive continues somewhat uneventfully until my delighted exclamation over the fact that there are so many beautiful churches and chapels in Melaka. I'd just spotted a charming white-washed church to my left just as the car skids to a stop at the traffic light.

"Do you know that from 1511 until 1641, while under Portuguese rule, Melaka was described as a Christian town? Every street had a Roman Catholic church or chapel," shares Kessler, before hurriedly stepping on the gas as the light turns green. "The oldest functioning Roman Catholic church in Malaysia is the St Peter's Church in Melaka City."

Soon, a bright blue signboard bearing the words Pasar Besar Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah comes into view and I note a sprawling complex ahead of me. The car slows down as Kessler attempts to locate a parking spot before eventually grinding to a halt not far from the entrance. "Come, let's go explore!" exclaims my jovial guide as he leads me into the inner sanctum of what appears to be a bustling market.

" Cencaluk kak," a tudung-clad woman hollers merrily in my direction, inviting me to sample this Melaka (and also Penang) specialty comprising fermented small shrimps or krills usually served as a condiment with chillis, shallots and lime juice. " Sedap makan dengan nasi panas (nice to eat with piping hot rice)," she cajoles, before moving on to another unsuspecting customer as she notes the apologetic wave of my hand.

JOURNEY TO REMEMBER

Weaving my way around the tight grid of aisles, well demarcated according to produce, I stop occasionally to scrutinise the freshness - and unusualness - of some of the things being sold here at this market.

Buckets of eels, slithering menacingly in the murky water, elicit a shudder from me - and a chuckle from Kessler. Further on, there are less gruesome fish as well as other more familiar meats on display, and I hasten my strides. "Let's go to the other side where the fruits and vegetables are," beckons Kessler and I happily nod my agreement.

Wandering together in companionable silence, Kessler eventually stops at a stall selling what looks like unusual shiny dark nuts. "Do you know what this is?" he asks, eyes dancing at my confusion. "Ever heard of buah keluak?" And again, I stare at him in bewilderment.

Dubbed "Black Gold", buah keluak or kepayang fruit is actually the seed of the kepayang tree (Pangium edule). It's often associated with the cuisine of Melaka's Baba Nyonya community, for example the famous Nyonya dish, Ayam Buah Keluak (braised chicken in black nut curry). The flesh, says Kessler, has a creamy, slightly bitter and discernibly earthy taste.

Moving on, the rest of our visit through the market is pleasant enough and I marvel silently at just how clean it is compared to many wet markets I've frequented in the Klang Valley. An elderly lady, complete with a toothy grin and framed by many "species" of bananas from where she's sat perched on a stool, waves at me to come and buy something. I oblige, much to her delight, parting with some small change for a modest bundle of Pisang Mas (Lady Finger banana).

"Come, it's time to go now. You've got your cooking class back at the hotel," reminds Kessler, as I mischievously offer him a banana. That's right; the Kristang Culinary Journey culminates in a private cooking class conducted by one of the hotel's chefs where guests get to don aprons and try their hands at cooking signature Kristang dishes such as Kari Debal and Soy Limang Terung (pan fried eggplants in soy and lime gravy).

Having sampled an amazing array of Kristang dishes and delicacies, and enjoyed an insightful window into Kristang culture, a cooking class, which incidentally culminates in feasting on one's culinary creations, seems like the perfect ending to my Majestic Kristang weekend!

The Majestic Malacca

188, Jalan Bunga Raya, Melaka.

Dates for Kristang Night at The Majestic Malacca are April 11 and May 23. For bookings or enquiries, email [email protected] or call 03 27831000/062898000

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Colours of Kristang at Majestic Malacca!

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LIKE a blur, they twirl, joyous in their movements. The air in the otherwise sedate The Mansion restaurant crackles with merriment as the colourful Kristang dance troupe, Dommarina, from the Portuguese Settlement in Ujong Pasir, Melaka swirl and stamp to the mid-tempo Branyo, a dance originating from the Portuguese folk dance, Corridinho from Algarve in southern Portugal.

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Tentu ramai antara kita berasa pelik apabila mendengar perkataan Langgang Branyo. Ia sebenarnya tarian Portugis yang diketengahkan sewaktu pendudukan mereka di Melaka bermula 1511.

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Husna. (2019, July 8). Perkampungan Portugis, Penempatan Terbesar Komuniti Portugis Di Melaka. LIBUR. https://www.libur.com.my/perkampungan-portugis-penempatan-terbesar-komuniti-portugis-di-melaka/.

Intan Maizura Ahmad Kamal. (2020, April 21). Colours of Kristang at Majestic Malacca!: New Straits Times. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2020/03/572808/colours-kristang-majestic-malacca.

Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara. (n.d.). TARIAN PORTUGIS. JKKN Pemetaan Budaya | TARIAN PORTUGIS. https://pemetaanbudaya.my/culture/dis/187.

Lee, S. Y. (2020, December 23). Saving the Malay Peninsula's centuries-old Portuguese creole. Southeast Asia Globe. https://southeastasiaglobe.com/saving-malaysias-centuries-old-portuguese-language/.

Marina Sahabudin. (2021, March 10). TARI INANG & JOGET DALAM SENI PERSEMBAHAN MELAKA. Melaka First. https://melakafirst.com/2021/03/10/tari-inang-joget-dalam-seni-persembahan-melaka/.

Ridzuan Abdul Rahman. (2018, June 28). Joget Langgang Branyo. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/rap/2018/06/352829/joget-langgang-branyo.

Yap, E. A. Z. (n.d.). Melaka, Malaysia: Kristang Heritage of the Portuguese Settlement [SP]. EAZY TRAVELER. https://eazytraveler.net/2014/01/melaka-malaysia-kristang-heritage-of-the-portuguese-settlement-sp/.

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News Article: Inserting Money in between the Dancer's Fingers

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News Article: Inserting Money in between the Dancer's Fingers

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Selit wang di jari penari | Harian Metro

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Tawau: Bagi mereka yang pertama kali menghadiri majlis perkahwinan masyarakat Bajau di Sabah, pasti terkejut apabila melihat persembahan tarian Igal-Igal.

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Atiey Dealova. (2020, July 16). Tarian Igal-Igal yang Diselitkan Duit. Ml Studios. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsRU5plILw0&t=80s.

Bangsa-Sama.com. (n.d.). Sama-Bajau traditional dresses/Costume in Sabah, Malaysia during special occasions. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/Sama.Bajau.OnlineInfo/posts/sama-bajau-traditional-dressescostume-in-sabah-malaysia-during-special-occasions/1331924743669518/.

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Sama People. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sama-people.

Khairilizwan. (n.d.). Asal Usul Tarian Igal-Igal. Sabahan Dot My. https://sabahan.my/blog/asal-usul-tarian-igal-igal/.

Nasrawati Syarifuddin. (2018, February 14). Selit wang di jari penari. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2018/01/305673/selit-wang-di-jari-penari.

Project, J. (n.d.). Sama-Bajau in Malaysia. Joshua Project. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18873/MY.

The Sama-Bajau. (n.d.). http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p69411/mobile/ch13s04.html.

Tarian Igal-Igal, Selit wang di jari penari. Kata Malaysia. (n.d.). https://katamalaysia.my/culture/tarian-igal-igal-selit-wang-di-jari-penari/.