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Kayli Peng, Mila Biesinger, Dominick Korobkin

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Kayli Peng, Mila Biesinger, Dominick Korobkin

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“But there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal—there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college
president. That institution, gentlemen, is a court."
Atticus uses antithesis to allow the audience to see how all men are equal in one thing: in court. This puts the jury in a position with a lot of importance. He shows them that they are the people responsible to create the one thing that allows equality in America.

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“One more thing, gentlemen, before I quit. Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe—some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they’re born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cake than others—some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of men." Atticus used plenty of compelling rhetorical devices to help convince the jury of Tom's innocence. This is a good example of that taking place because he is saying that even though Tom is different than the other people there they shouldn't treat him differently instead base thier opinion off the evidence, not race.

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Ella Ruckdaschel, Haley Johnson, Lily Hibler

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Ella Ruckdaschel, Haley Johnson, Lily Hibler

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"But there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal—there is
one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid
man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college
president. That institution, gentlemen, is a court."
In this quote, Atticus is trying to make the jury aware all men are not being treated equally but that they are in a courthouse and everyone should be treated the same despite any prejudices that the jury might have. He is trying to remind the jury that just because someone has a different color of skin does not mean you treat them differently.
He uses allusions to help his audiences understand the importance of his words. For example, the references well-known people who are very powerful or who have a lot of influence in different groups of people like Einstein. Also the all men are created equal line comes from the Declaration of Independence which many people knew about and respected.

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abigail baum, Mary Grenda, River Sporrer

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abigail baum, Mary Grenda, River Sporrer

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“'You know the truth, and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women—black or white. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men'”(Pg. 232)
This shows that all men are created equal. The rhetorical device used is repetition. The author uses logos and using the logic and facts to appeal to the people.

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Ella Hand, Tamira Shortbear, Keanan, Austin 

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Ella Hand, Tamira Shortbear, Keanan, Austin 

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¨I am confident that you gentlemen will review without passion the evidence you have heard, come to a decision, and restore this defendant to his family. In the name of God, do your duty¨ (Lee 209). This quote uses pathos, the emotional appeal, to persuade the jury by appealing to their hearts and feelings. Atticus is willing to stand up for his ideals and argue for what is right. The jury should only be listening to evidence and being fair when making their decision. In To Kill a Mockingbird, when Atticus claims¨...do your duty¨ he is meaning the jury should examine the truth before accusing someone because of their skin color. By the jury not being accurate, they are risking Tom Robinson´s life through the death penalty and pulling him away from his family. This emotional appeal should make the jury think twice because they may have a family they love also.

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caroline forgey, quincy clark, and lilah sardo

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caroline forgey, quincy clark, and lilah sardo

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Atticus made several points in closing the argument, he points out that the judge should make his decisions based on the facts, not by his beliefs, regarding race. He states, “confident that you gentlemen would go along with them on… the evil
assumption—all Negroes lie… an assumption one associates with minds of their
caliber” Atticus calls the assumptions "evil", he also shows the judge that his decision is biased.

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Sofia Mena, Britt Mohler, Anthony Le, Lucas Wegener.

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Sofia Mena, Britt Mohler, Anthony Le, Lucas Wegener.

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“Her father saw it, and the defendant has testified as to his remarks. What did her
father do? We don’t know, but there is circumstantial evidence to indicate that Mayella Ewell was beaten savagely by someone who led almost exclusively with his left. We do know in part what Mr. Ewell did: he did what any God-fearing, persevering, respectable white man would do under the circumstances—he swore
out a warrant, no doubt signing it with his left hand, and Tom Robinson now sits before you, having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses—his right
hand." Atticus uses ethos in this quote to show the jury that Tom Robinson is innocent.This quote is important because Atticus uses facts and reasons to appeal to the jury.

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“One more thing, gentlemen, before I quit. Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal, a phrase that the Yankees and the distaff side of the Executive branch in Washington are fond of hurling at us. There is a tendency in this year of grace, 1935, for certain people to use this phrase out of context, to satisfy all conditions. The most ridiculous example I can think of is that the people who run public education promote the stupid and idle along with the industrious—because all men are created equal, educators will gravely tell you, the children left behind suffer terrible feelings of inferiority. We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe—some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they’re born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others-some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of most men.  This quote shows that all men aren't created equal and don't all have the same lives as others. Atticus added the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Jefferson. The importance of talking about this quote is not all men are equal except in court. We think this quote is ethos, because it talks a lot about the concept of "all men are created equal", a concept mainly talked about by the third president and the Declaration of Independence. Atticus is trying to convince the jury by appealing ethically, implying they were wrong to discriminate against Tom Robinson simply because he was an African American. He uses Allusion throughout this quote, as he is alluding to Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence, the foundations of the nation, using the allusion to try to convince the jury not to immediately be prejudiced and convict Tom Robinson.Q

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“One more thing, gentlemen, before I quit. Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal, a phrase that the Yankees and the distaff side of the Executive branch in Washington are fond of hurling at us.......We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe—some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they’re born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cake than others—some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of men. But there is one way in this country which all men are created equal—there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man equal of an Einstein, and an ignorant man equal of any college president. That institution, gentlemen, is a court." This quote is important because it shows that not all men are created equal and that not all men have fair lives.  The significance of talking about how not all men are equal expect in court is because he's trying to get through to the jury and say it really matters to uphold this equality, and it matters more then any other belief. Like the belief that one group of people is inferior to another. Atticus alludes to the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Jefferson as well as Einstein. He also appeals to logos and pathos when he shows that some people's lives are much harder than others and explains gender and social roles but wants all of that to be excluded in the courtroom and verdicts should be based off of facts.

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Elise Stuman, William Robinson, Brayden Rea-Dyer, Edward Lyons

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Elise Stuman, William Robinson, Brayden Rea-Dyer, Edward Lyons

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"But there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal—there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president." (Chapter 20, Paragraph 51)
In this quote, Atticus makes clear the lack of difference between those in the room. Whether African American or white, everyone is equal and has the same probability to commit a crime. He ascertains that, just because Tom is darker in skin, it didn't mean that he committed the crime. He uses allusions to further enforce this idea as he connects great, well-known people to those considered inferior, and makes certain through words of the Declaration of Independence that they are still equal.