# data[].attributes.body
- low lying, rising sea levels and tides and river bank erosion = 30 million people will turn into climate migrants
- groundwater becomes more salty so less freshwater

# data[].attributes.body
-Coastal areas forced migration occurs
-Destruction of homes
-Water insecurity salt water is not drinkable
-about 30 million climate migrants
-Low lying only 1m

# data[].attributes.body
- rising tides and river bank erosion leads to an increase in climate migrants --> 30 million people becomes climate migrants if there is an increase in sea level by 1m as 1/5 of the country submerges
- saltwater intrusion impact crop yields, contaminate drinking water and erode infrastructure --> impact the health of people

# data[].attributes.body
- Climate change causes groundwater to become more salty, leading to less freshwater in the long term
- 30 million people will turn into climate migrants following a 1-meter increase in sea level due to climate change

# data[].attributes.body
High risk of sea level rise and extreme weather such as cyclones

Predictions that it may be permanently underwater

Only minimal soil as a barrier on river banks

Risk of damage to their crops and agriculture as well as homes

Only available drinking water is salt water = health risks for the people drinking the water as well as rice crops unable to survive

# data[].attributes.body
Bangladesh Case Study
- the inhabitants have a direct impact of the rising sea levels and and extreme weather events like cyclones
- the erosion is destroying and washing away their homes and land
- due to this and the intrusion of saltwater, many people have had to adapt by making saltwater resistant rice or have started farming shrimp
- the groundwater is starting to be as salty as the ocean which causes inadequate water quality
- many climate migrants, will hit the millions

# data[].attributes.body
Impacts

Washing away peoples’ homes

By the end of the century, the entire area will be underwater

Limited drinking water as not all is safe to drink, it is still quite salty -> impacts not only people but crops too -> too salty for shrimp

Saltwater intrusion

Bangladesh’s prime minister Sheikh Hasina has told the UN that a one-metre rise in sea level – a plausible scenario this century – would submerge a fifth of the country and turn 30 million people into “climate migrants”

Illegal migrants: Up to 20 million Bangladeshis are said to be living illegally in neighbouring India.

climate impacts may even prevent people moving, he adds, as they become too poor to make the leap

The population of Dhaka has roughly doubled in 20 years to 19 million -> overpopulation

Impact on other countries: A large number of people are moving to Malaysia, India, Pakistan and the Middle East. -> resource scarcity

# data[].attributes.body
- many people are forced to migrate to capitals because the land is sinking ('climate refugees')
- salt intrusion in freshwater stores which puts pressure on freshwater demand
- rice crops aren't able to grow due to salty water, they are forced to farm shrimps
- as the cities are overpopulated, some have gone to neighbouring countries illegally

# data[].attributes.body
Increase in sea level rise results in increase in salt water intrusion which puts pressure on fresh drinking water (decrease salt water quality and quantity)
This will impact agricultural such as rice crops and shrimp farms.
- loss of income

# data[].attributes.body
El Niño is a phenomenon that disrupts normal weather patterns bringing heavy rains and drought to different parts of the world. As the climate changes, El Niño events are becoming more frequent and severe which means floods, storms and droughts to become intensified.

# data[].attributes.body
- Warm ocean currents along peru force fish to move to colder waters
- intensifying droughts and heat waves
- Rising air cools and condenses as precipitation in Nothern Australia / Papua New Guinea and other nearby regions

# data[].attributes.body
El Nino - a short-term period of warm ocean surface temperatures in the tropical pacific (from South America to Australia). These regions tend to be warmer than usual. La Nina occurs as the counterpart - these regions tend to be colder.

Changing circulation patters in the atmosphere have redirected moist air away from the semi-arid area, resulting in more frequent and more intense drought. It is most intense in Australia and Europe - there are heat waves and high temperature

# data[].attributes.body
-Rising temp, causes more el nino
-El nino is intensified
-More low pressure rising air
-roughly every 2-7 yrs
-

# data[].attributes.body
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme El Niño events, leading to intensifying droughts, worsening floods, and shifting hurricane patterns

El Nino is actually intensified in warmer climates, and climate change is doing exactly that.

Strong El Niños can cause severe drought in dry climates such as Australia and India, intense flooding in wetter climates such as the Pacific Northwest and Peru, and causes more hurricanes to form in the Pacific and fewer in the Atlantic, and climate change is making these events more intense.

# data[].attributes.body
Unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern equatorial pacific ocean -> can suppress the thermocline (level of ocean depth that separates warm surface water from the colder water below)

Impacts trade winds and atmospheric conditions

Occurs every two to seven years

The effect is becoming magnified by climate change e.g: California El Niño brings cool temperatures with rain and  La Niña brings heat and dry weather.

Future El Niños will make flooding more likely while future La Niñas will bring more drought and intensified wildfire seasons.

Strong El Niños can cause severe drought in dry climates such as Australia and India, intense flooding in wetter climates such as the Pacific Northwest and Peru, and causes more hurricanes to form in the Pacific and fewer in the Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.body
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme El Niño events, leading to intensifying droughts, worsening floods, and shifting hurricane patterns, If global temperatures keep rising, El Niños could continue to intensify, with major impacts on societies around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
currents weakens and temperature rises as warmer water flows from the East to the West Pacific. There is more low pressure areas of rising air in the East Pacific rather than the West and there is high pressure areas of rising air in West Pacific rather than East.
climate change leads to rising temperatures and then more water vapour due to increase in evaporation. Water vapour changes circulatory patterns in atmosphere while redirecting moist air

# data[].attributes.body
- El nino events have become more frequent, persistent and intense since the mid 1970’s as a result of rising temperatures.

- El Nino is the event of warm moving water moving from the Antarctic Northwards along the western coast of South America weakens, allowing the water temperature to rise through the Western Pacific.
- Consequently low pressure areas of high rising air over the  the Easter  Pacific and falling are in the Western Pacific

- Under El nino conditions, warm ocean currents along Peru’s coast
-

# data[].attributes.body
- warm ocean currents along Peru's coast forces the fish to move further offshore into colder waters which is beyond the reach of coastal fishing fleets
- in australia and western pacific high pressure cells in the atmosphere bring drought conditions and rise in the frequency and intensity of bushfires
- el nino events have become more frequent and intense since the mid 1970s --> consequence of rising temperatures