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Transportation of Slavery from the East coast:

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Transportation of Slavery from the East coast:

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"California was now home to people from the north, and transplanted Southerners who supported the institution of slavery." (doc 3)

A slavery supported mindset group of people was brought to the west coast for the gold rush, and they still had the same mindset when they got into the legislature to keep their way of life and enslave the native indians.

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"Agent or attorney is empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor, or shall have the right to obtain a warrant of arrest for such fugitive" (doc1)

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(1848-1854)

The Free Soil Party argued that everyone being free is a better system morally and economically than slavery.

Many Free-Soilers opposed slavery because they felt that white laborers should not have to compete with the presence of slaves in the new territories. This antislavery was an issue of self-interest to the whites.

(Doc 6)

Analysis- This shows that the free soil party supported the black people that were trying to start their new lives, but in the end it was still all really selfish, being for their own good, not for the good of the black people.

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Oregon's Laws Inspired the debate in California

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Oregon's Laws Inspired the debate in California

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"Inspired by Oregon's laws forcing blacks to leave the state, Morton M. McCarver- a Kentuckian who had spent time there- brought a resolution to exclude free blacks from California too." (Doc 5)

At California's constitutional convention, this was the only issue that inspired significant debate.

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The site of a federal courthouse in Los Angeles used to be a flourishing slave market in the mid 19th century.

"Native Californians were sold in auctions there from about 1850-1870."

(Doc 7)

Analysis- this shows that the very grounds of a now, courthouse are the very same grounds of the slave market in California back then. these slave markets were obviously very cruel, connecting to this topic.

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"When indian adults and children tried to escape thier circumstances, often times a public notice and reward was published in local newspapers by their "owners"." (doc 4)

Led them to be hunted down to be kidnapped, harmed , killed, etc.

Connection to wanted slave posters in the south before WW2, if slaves ran, there would be a formal poster for their capture.

When to be returned, to be tortured ^

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Enslaving Native People (loophole around slavery)

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Enslaving Native People (loophole around slavery)

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The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians, made it legal for whites to enslave native people who were charged with "loitering" or "public drinking".

.The whites would pay the blacks with alcohol which was basically a trap encouraging public intoxication.

.Local lawmen would regularly conduct sweeps, arresting Native people

(Doc 7)

This was all a way around slavery, while still being able to get forced labor from the Natives as long as they were arrested for something even so small.

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"The apprenticeship laws, in particular, made California Indian children "valuable possessions." This had the effect of encouraging the kidnapping of them" (doc 4)

The dehumanization of the Indians resulted them in being treated as possessions and worth of value.

Since they were "worth so much", they were abducted from their natural homes and due to the unbalanced laws in place to be able to take advantage of them, they were legally able to enslave them

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Throughout the 1840's-1850's, California legislators and citizens fought to ensure that Black people were prohibited from immigrating into California.

These efforts did eventually fail but this reflected the fear and racism faced by black people in California.

Analysis- This showed the cruel treatment of black people because they were trying to stop all black people from entering into California from other places, their idea was to keep them out of the state altogether.

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"People of color could not testify for or against a white person in a court of law, both african americans as well as local indians were vulnerable to a white-only court system" (doc 3)

With a white only court system, both black people and indians could not contest for their freedom or other freedoms in court, and could be easily taken advantage of.

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"This (non-religious slavery) occurred despite the fact that slavery was outlawed throughout the Mexican Republic, and citizenship had been granted for indigenous people in 1824." (Doc 4)

Mexicans Supported slavery despite their religious beliefs and enslaved the indigenous people

Resulted in generational enslavement of indians from the french, the mexicans, and the Us

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Period of Defiance/Disregard of legislature

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Period of Defiance/Disregard of legislature

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"Even after the lapse of the fugitive slave law in 1855, masters informally held slaves in California until 1864" (doc 2)

Despite laws against slavery, slave owners disregarded the laws and held slaves to do their manual labor for them.

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"This practice continued unchecked until these apprenticeship and related laws were repealed on April 17, 1863, four months after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, However, this law was not completely until 1937." (doc 4)

Did not completely eradicate Indian slavery for over 50 years.

The Emancipation Proclamation wouldn't have freed slavery within California, but laws were repealed shortly afterwards to end it, but yet ^

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"It's not an exaggeration to say that California state legislators established a state-sponsored killing machine," Benjamin Bradley, a history professor at University of California, Los Angeles. (Doc 9)

Bradley describes how he views the legislators of California and the role they played in supporting the mass killings. This

Analysis- this shows that the legislators of California had the racist mindset and supported the killings of minorities and even helped fund them.

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Californian legislature aiding the enslavement of Indians

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Californian legislature aiding the enslavement of Indians

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Became easier to declare Indians as vagrants or declare them as apprentices as long as they "had no settled habitation or means of livelihood" - which could be seen very biasedly by any judge

Extended term length of servitute for indians

legally allowed and could be abused with the white court only system.

Work til 25 if male

Work til 21 if female

(doc 4)

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Other Subjects of Slavery of the West Coast

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Other Subjects of Slavery of the West Coast

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"Californian Indians living along the pacific coast from San Diego north to the San Francisco Bay were the first to be exploited for their labor by Franciscan missionaries." (doc 4)

Long line of abuse, owners switching over generations

Franciscan missionaries took advantage of the indians first

Not completely sure if the mexicans also took advantage of them but after, the US definitely took advantage of them.

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"As apprentices, younger children were commonly trained to be household servants, and their work included cooking and cleaning and washing clothes, and watching over the young white children. Older, stronger children were used as farm hands." (doc 4)

Not differing too much from what African Americas have done on the east coast, as there were household slaves and slaves that worked in fields and plantations.

Not differing from the fact that children were worked despite how young they were.

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"Everyone understood that African American slavery was prohibited in California, Enslavement of native people however was another matter." (doc 4)

Laws were placed that gave white people special circumstances to be able to "take into care", "bail out", or "lead onto the right path", which could place them into servitude against their will. If declared a vagrant, they could be placed into servitute, and if any citizen (white person) says they are, they practically become one automatically

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"We desire only a white population in California; even the Indians among us, as far as we have seen, are more of a nuisance than a benefit to the country; we would like to get rid of them" (doc 4)

The decision from the Californian Constitution 1849:

"Section 18. Slavery is prohibited, Involuntary servitude is prohibited except to punish crime." (doc 4)

The mindset placed onto the indians was already developed since the 1700s and despite all the land they have taken from them, the pushed them far back to the brink of extinction

And indians could be falsely punished and placed into slavery as a punishment from the white only court system.

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"It's not an exaggeration to say that California state legislators established a state-sponsored killing machine," Benjamin Bradley, a history professor at University of California, Los Angeles. (Doc 9)

Bradley describes how he views the legislators of California and the role they played in supporting the mass killings.

Analysis- This shows the harsh treatment and violence against Indians because they literally murdered tons of Indians just for the fact that they didn't want them living there.

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Peter Burnett, the first governor of California, had a vision which did not include black residents at all.

"It could be no favor, and no kindness, to permit free blacks to settle in the state, while it would be a most serious injury to us."

Burnett's objective was to not expel them, but to "keep them out".

(Doc 5)

Analysis- White people had a view that california should be all white, a form of white supremecy, and while there was no slavery of black people, it was because there was no black people to enslave in california. In turn, they enslaved indians to keep the system in place and their way of life.

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Slavery within California created a system that was very successful economically but in turn, created a dangerous environment for those in minority groups. It was because of how the legislature allowed for easy abduction and slavery of minorities to work endlessly for free and make their masters money.