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1685 King Charles II passed away and James II succeeded .

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1685 King Charles II passed away and James II succeeded .

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James II became the new king. Many Protestants were uneasy because James II was Catholic.

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King James II's attempts to promote Catholicism and his authoritarian rule faced strong opposition.

Important Protestant leaders asked William of Orange and his wife Mary (who was James II's daughter and a Protestant) to come to England. They wanted to protect their own interests and the Protestant faith.

William and Mary came, and James II fled to France. This change in leadership happened without much fighting, and people were mostly happy about it. They made new rules, like the Bill of Rights, which limited the power of the king and queen.

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1689-1691 - The Williamite War in Ireland

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1689-1691 - The Williamite War in Ireland

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James II, who had now fled to Ireland, found support among the Catholic population in Ireland and among some clans in Scotland. Many Catholics and Highlanders rallied to his cause.

The conflict was between James II's Jacobite forces and the Protestant forces of William III.

The most notable Battles were: The Battle of the Boyne in 1690 and the Siege of Limerick in 1691.

William III won the battles and solidified the protestant rule.

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Occurred in the Scottish Highlands and was a result of clan rivalries and political loyalties.

Government soldiers, many of them from the Campbell clan, attacked the MacDonalds in Glencoe. They did this because the MacDonalds were late in promising loyalty to King William III.

it is remembered because of the many, brutal deaths

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The Act of Settlement was an important law that said Catholics couldn't become king or queen of England.

The Act said that no Catholic or anyone married to a Catholic could inherit the English throne. This law made it even harder for the Stuarts (the royal family that the Jacobites supported) to become kings or queens, and deepened Jacobite grievances.

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This union was a significant political development, as it created a united British state, which made it more challenging for the Jacobites to mount separate uprisings in England and Scotland.

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1715 - First Jacobite Rising (The Fifteen)

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1715 - First Jacobite Rising (The Fifteen)

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James stuart landed in Scotland to claim the throne, backed by supporters who were dissatisfied with the current Protestant monarchy.

the Jacobite Rising was defeated at the Battle of Preston and marked the failure of the 'Old Pretender's' (king James) attempt to regain the throne.

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In 1719, a Spanish-backed Jacobite invasion was held against Britain. The goal was to support the Jacobite cause in Scotland.

This invasion failed to gain significant traction and did not result in any lasting success for the Jacobite movement.

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1745-1746 - Second Jacobite Rising (The Forty-Five)

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1745-1746 - Second Jacobite Rising (The Forty-Five)

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In 1745, Charles Edward Stuart, the "Young Pretender", landed in Scotland, attempting to gain support from Scottish clans and launch a new Jacobite uprising.

The Jacobites experienced an early success when they won the Battle of Prestonpans in 1745. This victory gave them momentum and control over parts of Scotland.

The Jacobite campaign pushed into England, reaching as far as Derby in December 1745. However, they faced a critical problem: The Jacobites expected help from English and European supporters, but they didn't get the help they needed. This made their situation very risky and uncertain.

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Faced with a lack of support, concerns about facing government forces, and the harsh winter conditions, the decision was made to retreat back to Scotland in early 1746.

The Battle of Culloden took place in April 1746, where the Jacobites faced the government forces led by the Duke of Cumberland. The battle was a disaster for the Jacobites.

Charles Edward Stuart fled into hiding

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After the Jacobite risings, the British government took measures to suppress Highland culture. One of these measures was the Dress Act, which banned the wearing of traditional Highland attire and weaponry.

These policies aimed to weaken the cultural identity and potential military power of the Highland clans.

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Over this period, Jacobitism gradually lost its momentum as a political force. The failure of the Forty-Five, along with government repression and the passing of key Jacobite figures, contributed to the decline of the Jacobite cause.