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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Jose Bonifaco de Andrada and other Brazillian leaders had convinced Pedro to declare Brazil's independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822. Pedro I was acclaimed first Emperor of the newly created Empire of Brazil on October 12, 1822. Brazil's declaration of independence was opposed throughout Brazil by armed military units who were loyal to Portugal. Brazil had fought wars across the country in northern, northeastern, and southern regions to ensure their independence. The war went from February 1822 to March 1824.

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Risorgimento is the term for the 19th-century movement for the Italian unification meaning "Rising Again." This was an ideological and literary movement that helped bring consciousness to the Italian people. This had also led to a series of political events that had freed Italian stated and unified them politically. Giuseppe Mazzini went to Naples while Garibaldi had brief dictatorship of southern Italy but went back to London just in time for the new united kingdom of Italy was announced in 1861.

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The German Empire had been founded on January 18, 1871 after three successful wars were over by the North German state of Prussia. The empire was put together through traditional cabinet diplomacy and agreement by state leaders in the North German Confederation. That was led by the rulers Bavaria, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Wurttemberg. From its origins in 1871, the empire was governed under the constitution Otto Van Bismarck had put together four years earlier.