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Bacon is best known for his scientific philosophy. He argued that making observations and then using reasoning to interpret them is how scientists come to understand the world around them. He changed peoples outlook on science.  Many of his forerunners believed that nature could only be understood by understanding God. According to Bacon, inductive reasoning, experimentation, and observation can all be used to understand the universe but not God. Bacon's theory of science is that natural phenomena can be understood through controlling various factors of nature in experimentation in order to pin down the phenomenon that is intended to be understood. Bacon was not know for having any scientific discoveries. Bacon's scientific discovery includes utilizing controlled experiments to make observations. The person preforming the experiments needs to control the various elements of nature in order to conduct additional research. The experimenter must then apply inductive reasoning to analyze the results of the experiment. Lastly in the English Renaissance, Bacon is still regarded as a key figure in scientific methodology and natural philosophy.

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Marie Lavoisier was known for her Contributions to chemistry

she was known for the training she had received from the painter Jacques-Louis David allowed her to accurately and precisely draw experimental apparatuses accurately

Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier

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Anders Celsius is most familiar as the inventor of the temperature scale that bears his name. Celsius was a versatile man. He wrote Swedish and Latin verses. Always happy and cheerful, no matter how busy he was, he never seemed to be in a hurry.

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Everyones story starts with a beginning and this is hookes, Rober hooke was a sik child growing up always home and on days away from school he greatly enjoyed drawing. Day in and day out Robert was creating a new masterpiece. In Roberts's teenage years, he wasn't as sickly and was able to attend school. After the passing of his dad, he got a large amount of money and this helped him go to a dream school where he did very well. After high school, Robert went to college where he would later study mars and examine it. He began to dabble his toes into the world of evolution. Robert made many inventions reading up to the famous microscope. Robert ended up enjoying all of this attention. Robert had decided and help make the fire of England. Robert was an excellent architect. Robert is still famous now for his discovery of the law of elasticity (Hooke's law), and for his first use of the word cell in the sense of a basic unit of organisms.

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Who is Robert Hooke? | Horrible Science | Nugget

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Galileo Galilei (1564- 1642) was considered the father of modern science and was a major contributor to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy.He was an enemy upon the Roman Catholic Church and was brought upon authorities in 1616 for his advocacy of a heliocentric universe. He was forced to recant and was then placed under house arrest for the rest of his life. Some of the inventions that he is most known for today are compasses and balances that we use today to improve telescopes and microscopes. It is important of us to still learn about him today because he can help us learn more about the technology that we have now and he helped revolutionize astronomy and biology.

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Table of Contents

1. Galileo's Early Life, Education and Experiments

2. Galileo, Telescopes and the Medici Court

3. Galileo Galilei's Trial

4. What Was Galileo Famous For?&nbsp;

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is considered the father of modern science and made major contributions to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy. Galileo invented an improved telescope that let him observe and describe the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, the phases of Venus, sunspots and the rugged lunar surface. His flair for self-promotion earned him powerful friends among Italy's ruling elite and enemies among the Catholic Church's leaders. Galileo's advocacy of a heliocentric universe brought him before religious authorities in 1616 and again in 1633, when he was forced to recant and placed under house arrest for the rest of his life.

Galileo's Early Life, Education and Experiments

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa in 1564, the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician and scholar. In 1581 he entered the University of Pisa at age 16 to study medicine, but was soon sidetracked by mathematics. He left without finishing his degree. In 1583 he made his first important discovery, describing the rules that govern the motion of pendulums.

Did you know? After being forced during his trial to admit that the Earth was the stationary center of the universe, Galileo allegedly muttered, "Eppur si muove!" ("Yet it moves!" ). The first direct attribution of the quote to Galileo dates to 125 years after the trial, though it appears on a wall behind him in a 1634 Spanish painting commissioned by one of Galileo's friends.

From 1589 to 1610, Galileo was chair of mathematics at the universities of Pisa and then Padua. During those years he performed the experiments with falling bodies that made his most significant contribution to physics.

Galileo had three children with Marina Gamba, whom he never married: Two daughters, Virginia (Later "Sister Maria Celeste") and Livia Galilei, and a son, Vincenzo Gamba. Despite his own later troubles with the Catholic Church, both of Galileo's daughters became nuns in a convent near Florence.

Galileo, Telescopes and the Medici Court

In 1609 Galileo built his first telescope, improving upon a Dutch design. In January of 1610 he discovered four new "stars" orbiting Jupiter-the planet's four largest moons. He quickly published a short treatise outlining his discoveries, "Siderius Nuncius" ("The Starry Messenger"), which also contained observations of the moon's surface and descriptions of a multitude of new stars in the Milky Way. In an attempt to gain favor with the powerful grand duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II de Medici, he suggested Jupiter's moons be called the "Medician Stars."

"The Starry Messenger" made Galileo a celebrity in Italy. Cosimo II appointed him mathematician and philosopher to the Medicis, offering him a platform for proclaiming his theories and ridiculing his opponents.

Galileo's observations contradicted the Aristotelian view of the universe, then widely accepted by both scientists and theologians. The moon's rugged surface went against the idea of heavenly perfection, and the orbits of the Medician stars violated the geocentric notion that the heavens revolved around Earth.

Galileo Galilei's Trial

In 1616 the Catholic Church placed Nicholas Copernicus 's "De Revolutionibus," the first modern scientific argument for a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe, on its index of banned books. Pope Paul V summoned Galileo to Rome and told him he could no longer support Copernicus publicly.

In 1632 Galileo published his "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems," which supposedly presented arguments for both sides of the heliocentrism debate. His attempt at balance fooled no one, and it especially didn't help that his advocate for geocentrism was named "Simplicius."

Galileo was summoned before the Roman Inquisition in 1633. At first he denied that he had advocated heliocentrism, but later he said he had only done so unintentionally. Galileo was convicted of "vehement suspicion of heresy" and under threat of torture forced to express sorrow and curse his errors.

Nearly 70 at the time of his trial, Galileo lived his last nine years under comfortable house arrest, writing a summary of his early motion experiments that became his final great scientific work. He died in Arcetri near Florence, Italy on January 8, 1642 at age 77 after suffering from heart palpitations and a fever.

What Was Galileo Famous For?

Galileo's laws of motion, made from his measurements that all bodies accelerate at the same rate regardless of their mass or size, paved the way for the codification of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton. Galileo's heliocentrism (with modifications by Kepler) soon became accepted scientific fact. His inventions, from compasses and balances to improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy and biology. Galilleo discovered craters and mountains on the moon, the phases of Venus, Jupiter's moons and the stars of the Milky Way. His penchant for thoughtful and inventive experimentation pushed the scientific method toward its modern form.

In his conflict with the Church, Galileo was also largely vindicated. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire used tales of his trial (often in simplified and exaggerated form) to portray Galileo as a martyr for objectivity. Recent scholarship suggests Galileo's actual trial and punishment were as much a matter of courtly intrigue and philosophical minutiae as of inherent tension between religion and science.

In 1744 Galileo's "Dialogue" was removed from the Church's list of banned books, and in the 20th century Popes Pius XII and John Paul II made official statements of regret for how the Church had treated Galileo.

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Galileo's Early Life, Education and Experiments Galileo, Telescopes and the Medici Court Galileo Galilei's Trial What Was Galileo Famous For? Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is considered the father of modern science and made major contributions to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy.

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Paracelsus was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissances

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Aristarchus was a Greek philosopher who proposed the idea of a model of the universe where the sun, not Earth, was at the center, this is called a heliocentric model. He helped to develop astronomy in Greece greatly and was non-theistic.

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Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher, poet, cosmological theorist, and esotericist. He is known for his cosmological theories. He was born in 1548 in Nola Italy. He died on February 17, 1600. Giordano Bruno was sentenced to be burned to death by the Roman Inquisition Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) was an Italian scientist and philosopher who espoused the Copernican idea of a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe as opposed to the church's teachings of an Earth-centered universe. He also believed in an infinite universe with numerous inhabited worlds his heretical ideas, which he refused to recant. (It has been debated which of his ideas were found heretical since the records of the case have not been preserved.)

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Antoine Lavoisier is known for the experiment of revolutionized chemistry. He established the law of conservation of mass. He was accused of approving punitive taxes and was killed because of it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yJPs-_R1w

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Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer that believed that the sun was the center of the universe and all the other planets rotated around it, this was known as the "heliocentric theory". Copernicus's theories influenced many other thinkers of the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus' theory was so impacting that it changed the role of astronomy for the whole world.

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Brand was born in 1630 and later in his life he was chemist and became the first person to discover the element Phosphorus in 1670 he did this by boiling urine in his basement lab trying to make gold. He believed he found a glowing phosphorus stone and named it "phosphorus" meaning bringer of light. he didn't tell anyone about his findings until he sold his process to other scientists . Hennig Brand wasn't given credit for this until after he died in 1710.

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Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer, is best known for the celestial observations that inspired Kepler to develop his solar system theories. We should still learn about tycho brahe because Tycho Brahe accurately observed the planets and stars. His analysis of the "new star" that appeared in 1572 revealed that it was among the fixed stars, which were thought to be perfect and unchanging, and that it was farther away than the Moon.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/tycho-brahes- contribution-to-astronomy.html

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The Celsius scale(invention of anders) is more commonly used because it is used along with the metric scale. the first person to make a connection between the radiant atmospheric known as the aurora borealis, or the northern lights, and the magnetic field of the Earth.

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Anders Celsius is most familiar as the inventor of the temperature scale that bears his name.

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why should we still learn about Sir Isaac Newton?

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why should we still learn about Sir Isaac Newton?

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We should continue to learn about Isaac Newton because he has contributed to the field of science significantly over his lifetime.

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Joseph Priestley discovered multiple gasses. These gases are, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, nitrogen oxygen and carbon monoxide. He created carbonated water, and the rubber eraser. We should still learn about him because he discovered gasses and chemical compounds and invented things that we still use today.

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What did Sir Isaac Newton accomplish/discover?

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What did Sir Isaac Newton accomplish/discover?

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Some of Sir Isaac Newton's accomplishments/discoveries were that he invented the reflecting telescope, proposed new theories of light and color, discovered calculus, developed three laws of motion, devised law of universal gravitation, and he advanced early modern chemistry

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Edward Jenner (Figure ​1) is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox In 1796, British country doctor Edward Jenner performed the world's first vaccination by injecting in cowpox in a dude

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Edward Jenner (Figure ​1) is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox In 1796, British country doctor Edward Jenner performed the world's first vaccination by injecting in cowpox in a dude

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Celsius was not only an astronomer, but also a physicist. The thing that made him famous is his temperature scale, which he based on the boiling and melting points of water. Anders invented his temperature scale in 1742. Using a mercury thermometer, the Celsius scale consists of 100 degrees between the freezing point (0° C) and boiling point (100° C) of pure water at sea level air pressure.

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William Harvey is important because he was the first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the body. Some things he has accomplished are announcing a revolutionary theory stating that blood circulates repeatedly throughout the body, He has also discovered the function of the heart, and able to show that blood circulates throughout the body and returns to the heart, also that the veins help the blood flow in the direction of the heart, Harvey is still important till this day because he was able to find out how the blood flow works with our heart and the veins.

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Why should we still learn about him/ What did he accomplish?

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Why should we still learn about him/ What did he accomplish?

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Aristarchus was a famous astronomer who was able to figure out the sun was larger than the Earth, and that it was nonsensical for the sun to go around the Earth. He later developed a model of this called a heliocentric model, but it was dismissed till much later and was deemed implausible by other astronomers at the time.

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- born January 4th, 1643 in the hamlet of Woolsthorpe
- died March 31st, 1727 (84 yrs old)
- english physicist and mathematician
- laid the foundation for modern physical optics

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- Paracelsus contributed greatly in the making of modern medicine and he passed on his novel ideas through lectures and books.
- He developed or evolved medicine by using new chemical antidotes such as mercury, sulfur, iron, and copper sulfate.
- He combined medicine with chemistry.
- In 1536 Der grossen Wundartzney " The Great Surgery Book" was one of the books he published.

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History of vaccination: Smallpox vaccines

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Robert Boyle person who developed the well-known Boyle's law, which states that a gas's volume decreases as its pressure rises and vice versa. He was a strong supporter of the scientific method and was a renowned scientist and intellectual of his time,Boyle was one of the pioneers in extending the use of mathematics to chemistry, which he sought to build as a discipline whose complexity was only the result of applying straightforward mathematical principles to straightforward fundamental particles and that why he is still very valuable to be learned about in the history world.

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Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. He is best known for "I think therefore I am". His theory separated the body from the mind. He argued that you cannot deny the existance of your mind while using your mind to deny it. Descartes worked with another man named Francis Bacon to create the scientific method. This is important because we use the scientific method in the modern-day.

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Paracelsus and Medicine During the Renaissance

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Copernicus - Astronomer | Mini Bio | BIO

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Why we should still learn about Paracelsus.

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Why we should still learn about Paracelsus.

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We should still learn about Paracelsus because he was the one to introduce the use of chemical substances. He was also the one to make a point to the importance of treatment in telling the difference between toxicity and treatment. He also helped with modern medicine.

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BBC Two - Science Clips Investigates, Reversible and Irreversible Change, Joseph Priestley – the discovery of gases

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Joseph Priestley describes his work and discovery of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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Evangelista Torricelli discovered the barometer, the barometer is a tube filled with mercury. He suggested that the atmosphere has weight and force to it. The barometer measures atmospheric pressure with water pressure. To study the atmospheric pressure is important because it indicates the weather

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National Council of Science Museums (NCSM)

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Torricelli's Experiment || Undertsand Science through the exhibit

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Founder of modern anatomy.  He dissected corpses in order to better understand the human body.

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Founder of modern anatomy.  He dissected corpses in order to better understand the human body.

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Father of microbiology- discovered bacteria. 

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Father of microbiology- discovered bacteria. 

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He disproved Copernicus's belief that the planets move in circles. Instead they move in oval paths called ellipses. That was his first law. 2) The planets cover the same are of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in the orbit. 3) a planet's orbit period is proportional to the size of its orbit.

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Zacharias Janssen was best known for his invention of the first so-called compound microscope which led to Robert Hooke´s famous micrographia