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1492-1493: First Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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1492-1493: First Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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Christopher Columbus, sponsored by the Catholic monarchs, leads an expedition to find the Malay Archipelago, and accidentally stumbles on the Bahamas. He then visited Hispaniola and Cuba, before returning to Spain having been the first southern European to land on the new world.

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1493-1496: Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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1493-1496: Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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After reporting his discovery of the "West Indies", Columbus got funding for a second expedition, this time with the intent of converting the natives to Catholicism.

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1498-1500: Third Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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1498-1500: Third Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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Christopher Columbus was sent by the King of Portugal to verify the existence of a greater continent. Thus far, explorers to the new world had only ever landed in the Greater Antilles and had not yet truly confirmed if a broader landmass truly existed to the south of Cabo Verde.

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1502-1504: Fourth Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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1502-1504: Fourth Voyage of Christopher Columbus

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After much persuasion, Columbus had convinced the Catholic Monarchs to send fund his fourth and final voyage, in which he would have the chance to become the first person to ever circumnavigate the globe. Unfortunately, he failed to achieve his goal. His crew was stranded in Jamaica, and eventually were rescued and returned to Spain.

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1519-1521: Hernan Cortes leads a group of Spaniards and local tribes against the Aztec Empire

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1519-1521: Hernan Cortes leads a group of Spaniards and local tribes against the Aztec Empire

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Not long after arriving in North America, the Spanish made contact with the major Empires of Mesoamerica. The greatest Pre-Columbian Empire, the Aztecs, had terrible relations with surrounding polities due to their practice of capturing human sacrifices to appease their Gods. As such, after disease had ravaged the local populace, the Spanish and other local tribes, led by Cortes, waged a quick war to overthrow the Aztec Empire and plant themselves at the top of the Aztec Hierarchy.

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1524-1525: First Expedition of Francisco Pizarro

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1524-1525: First Expedition of Francisco Pizarro

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Hearing of a great empire in the mountains rich in precious metals, Francisco Pizarro leaves Panama with a small group of men to explore the region of modern-day Peru. After suffering from hunger and hostile encounters, they decided to return to Panama City.

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1526: Second Expedition of Francisco Pizarro

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1526: Second Expedition of Francisco Pizarro

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After the failure of the first expedition, Pedrarias Devila, governor of Castilla de Oro, had lost confidence in Pizarro. Luckily, the Devila had been succeeded, and Pizarro was given permission to lead a second expedition into Peru.

They came across small pockets of recently conquered Inca territory but decided not to attack due to being outnumbered by their settlements. After ships were sent to bring Pizarro and his crew back to Panama, Pizarro made a proposition, proclaiming that Peru was full of riches, contrasted with the claim that Panama was destitute and poor, and said that he had no intention of returning.

The famous 13 men stayed with Pizarro, while the others got on the ships. This paid off, as Pizarro's and his men discovered the Tumbes, and were met with hospitality by the local populace. After documenting the Peruvian Llama and hearing of the wealth in Peru once again, Pizarro returned with his 13 men to Panama, to prepare for a third expedition.