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The simple past tense is a verb form used to refer to an action or series of actions that were completed in the past.

The simple past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding “-ed” to the infinitive form of the verb.

Irregular verbs don’t follow a specific pattern: some take the same form as the infinitive (e.g., “put”), while others change completely (e.g., “go” becomes “went”).

Past Simple Tense

To express completed action in the past:

I saw a ghost last Friday

To describe a series of completed actions in the past:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

To express habits in the past:

When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.

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The present perfect is used to describe

An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since 1984

An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)

A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.

An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.

More Examples:

Actions started in the past and continuing in the present

They haven't lived here for years.

She has worked in the bank for five years.

We have had the same car for ten years.

Have you played the piano since you were a child?

When the time period referred to has not finished

I have worked hard this week.

It has rained a lot this year.

We haven't seen her today.

Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.

They have seen that film six times

It has happened several times already.

She has visited them frequently.

We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)

Have you just finished work?

I have just eaten.

We have just seen her.

Has he just left?

When the precise time of the action is not important or not known

Someone has eaten my soup!

Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?

She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

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When use - Present perfect continuous it’s used when something started in the past and is continuing in the present.

Structure - Subject + has/ have BEEN + verb ing

Subject + hasn’t / haven’t been+ verb ing

Has/have + you + been + verb ing

Examples

Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently

( that’s mean Mia started the competition in the past and still competing )

I have been working on this team for the past two months

( that’s mean I started to work there two months ago and still working there )

What/how  have you been doing ?

( This is a common question to know what the person have been doing for a while , usually use when you don’t see this person for a while )

She has been studying English for over a year

( that’s mean she started to study English last year or more and still studying it )

I haven’t been feeling well lately

( that’s mean you aren’t feeling well today , but not start today, started in the past ,

For example - You started to feeling sick last week and today someone asked you how are you ? You can answer “ I haven’t been feeling well “.

I have been cooking for 2 hours

( I started to cook 2 hours ago , and I’m still cooking )