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1820

The Missouri Compromise aimed to balance the number of slave and free states in the Union by allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state.

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1822

Vesey's rebellion, inspired by the 1791 Haitian slave revolution, aimed to execute white enslavers, liberate Charleston, and sail to Haiti before white power could retaliate.

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1831

Turner and his followers killed his master's family and marched throughout Southampton County, Virginia, killing at least 55 people until white authorities crushed the revolt.

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1832-1833

The South Carolina nullification crisis occurred in 1832-33 when South Carolina clashed with the federal government over declaring the 1828 and 1832 Tariffs null and void within the state.

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1833

The Abolitionist movement in the US aimed to abolish slavery, but increased demands from slave owners exacerbated regional tensions, ultimately leading to the American Civil War.

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1835-1836

The Texas Revolution, also known as the War of Texas Independence, occurred between Mexico and Texas colonists leading to Texas's independence and the establishment of the Republic of Texas.

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1846

Wilmot Proviso, a significant congressional proposal to prevent slavery expansion into territories, laid the foundation for the Republican Party and later President Roosevelt.

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1846 –1848

The Mexican-American War emerged due to a disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip, where Mexico did not recognize Texas as American territory.

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1850

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, part of the Compromise of 1850, mandated the federal government to find, return, and try escaped slaves, even in free states.

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1854

The Ostend Manifesto, outlined the US's rationale for purchasing Cuba from Spain, suggesting war if Spain refused, aiming to annex Cuba.

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1854

The Kansas-Nebraska Act abolished the Missouri Compromise, established new territories, and granted popular sovereignty, leading to the violent "Bleeding Kansas" uprising.

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1857

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that enslaved individuals were not US citizens and could not expect federal government or court protection, and Congress had no authority to ban slavery.

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1859

John Brown, an abolitionist, and his supporters left their farmhouse hide-out to go to Harpers Ferry, WV. They attacked the town, captured prominent citizens, and seized the federal armory and arsenal.

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1860

Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, despite receiving less than 40% of the popular vote, easily winning the Electoral College vote over Stephen Douglas, John Breckenridge, and John Bell.