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1965 - P. L. 89-10, Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

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1965 - P. L. 89-10, Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

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This act was passed by President Lyndon

B. Johnson in 1965. It provided states with direct grant assistance in order to help educate children with disabilities as well as low income families through a provision known as Title I. It was set up to provide educational equality for families and providing the federal funding to underprivileged families. Unfortunately certain states received less local funding compared to wealthier children. ESEA has been reauthorized eight times. Even though re-authorization has brought changes to the program, main goal has always remained the same.

This act was Amended

Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1965

Nov 30, 1965

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

January 18, 1966 Elementary and Secondary Amendments of 1966 (Public Law 89-750) In 1966, Congress had amended the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to establish grant program that would help expand, and improve the new law and other programs and projects related to the ESEA. Such as the education of handicapped children.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1968

Jul 30, 1970

The Education of the Handicapped Act

In 1970, the program was replaced by the Education of the Handicapped Act and established grant program that aimed at stimulating each States to develop educational programs and resources for individuals with disabilities.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1984 (Public Law 98-511)

Jan 8, 2002

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act

The ESEA was later changed to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, and was enacted in 2002. NCLB represented a significant step forward for children in many respects, particularly it shined a light on where students were making progress and where they needed additional support, regardless of race, income, zip code, disability, home language, or background.

Dec 10, 2015

The new Education law

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was signed by President Obama on December 10, 2015, this law reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which is the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students.The new law builds on key areas of progress in students regardless of background, which made possible by the efforts of educators, communities, parents, and students across the country.

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1965

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1965

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The first Federal grant program targeting students with disabilities, the Elementary and Secondary Amendments of 1965 (Public Law 89-313), was passed. This law authorized grants to state institutions and state-operated schools devoted to the education of children with disabilities.

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Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments

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Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) ensured that all handicapped children have a free education designed to meet their special needs.

Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (Public Law 98-199) passed in 1984. This law added the Architectural Barrier amendment and clarified participation of handicapped children in private schools. It also reauthorized the discretionary programs, established services to facilitate school to work transition through research and demonstration projects; established parent training and information centers; and provided funding for demonstration projects and research in early intervention and early childhood special education.

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Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Section 504
Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities by entities that receive federal funds and ensures that a child with a disability has equal access to educational activities.

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5.3 The Rehabilitation Act of 1973-Section 504

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975) 

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975) 

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In 1975, the United States Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to as the IDEA, which codified the right of all American children to a free and appropriate public education regardless of disability status. Under this law all public schools that are receiving federal funds are to provide education that meets the needs of students with disabilities.

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Handicapped Children’s Protection Act (HCPA) of 1986

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Handicapped Children’s Protection Act (HCPA) of 1986

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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), Public Law 94-142, provides for a free, appropriate public education for handicapped children, as well as due process procedures.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in many areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and many public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else.

The ADA was amended on September 25, 2008, to clarify and reiterate who is covered by the law. The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), Pub. L. 110‐325, made significant changes to the ADA's definition of “disability” that broadens the scope of coverage under both the ADA and Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act.

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No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is a Federal Law put in place to improve public schools student performance by having increased accountability for schools, school districts, and states. The act was passed by Congress in December 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush in January 2002. NCLB brought about major changes in the curriculum of public primary and secondary schools and increased federal regulation of the state school system. Under the law, states are required to issue yearly tests of reading and mathematics skills

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2004 – P.L. 108-446, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004. Attempted to align IDEA with the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), provided definition of highly qualified special education teacher, expanded dispute resolution options, established NIMAS and NIMAC to provide access to instructional materials, allowed IDEA funds to be used for early intervening services to serve students not IDEA eligible, ensured services for students attending private schools, homeless and highly mobile.

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The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the federal K-12 education law of the United States. ESSA was signed into law in 2015 and replaced the previous education law called “No Child Left Behind.” ESSA extended more flexibility to States in education and laid out expectations of transparency for parents and for communities.

ESSA requires every state to measure performance in reading, math, and science. Each state determines the way students are assessed. Every school in each state must inform parents about their standards and their results.

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Works Cited

“5.3 the Rehabilitation Act of 1973-Section 504.” Www.youtube.com, www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVfUUPD_S0U. Accessed 1 Feb. 2024.

Gray, Ellen, and Patrick Lynch. “ Earth from Space: 15 Amazing Things in 15 Years ,” Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet, 18 Dec. 2014. Accessed 16 Jan. 2024.

Lee, Andrew M.I. “Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).” Www.understood.org, 2022, www.understood.org/en/articles/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know.

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. “What Is the Every Student Succeeds Act?” Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 28 Oct. 2020, oese.ed.gov/families/essa/.

“Resources::Legislative History of Special Education.” Www.advocacyinstitute.org, www.advocacyinstitute.org/resources/SpedLegHistory.shtml.

Ross, Nathaniel. “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975) | the Embryo Project Encyclopedia.” Embryo.asu.edu, 6 Oct. 2022, embryo.asu.edu/pages/individuals-disabilities-education-act-1975.

Trujillo, Alan P, and Harold V Thurman. Essentials of Oceanography. Pearson, 19 Sept. 2016.