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Emmett Till

University of Mississippi

Voting Rights Act of 1964

Selma

Freedom Riders

24th Amendment

Brown V Board

Montgomery Bus

Freedom Summer

Civil Rights Amendment

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- In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States.

- Brown v. Board of Education, which ended legally sanctioned segregation in American public schools, brought issues of racial equality to the forefront of the nation's attention.

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- The alleged teasing of white store clerk Carolyn Bryant by the 14 year-old African American Emmett Till led to his brutal murder at the hands of Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother, J.W. Milam, forcing the American public to grapple with the menace of violence in the Jim Crow South.

- Emmett Till's murder was a spark in the upsurge of activism and resistance that became known as the Civil Rights movement.

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- Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest

- ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.

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- The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating.

- The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement.

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- In 1962, a federal appeals court ordered the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith, an African-American student. Upon his arrival, a mob of more than 2,000 white people rioted; two people were killed.

- Mississippi became a major theatre of struggle during the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century because of its resistance to equal rights for its Black citizens.

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- Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing.

- The Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools.

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- Constitutional Amendments – Amendment 24 – “Elimination of Poll Taxes” Amendment Twenty-four to the Constitution was ratified on January 23, 1964.

- It abolished and forbids the federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections.

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- During the summer of 1964, hundreds of college students flooded Mississippi. The students came from different backgrounds, colleges, and Civil Rights organizations. Despite these differences, they had one goal, increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.

- The Freedom Summer Project resulted in various meetings, protests, freedom schools, freedom housing, freedom libraries, and a collective rise in awareness of voting rights and disenfranchisement experienced by African Americans in Mississippi.

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- Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the march was the culminating event of several tumultuous weeks during which demonstrators twice attempted to march but were stopped, once violently, by local police.

- the Selma Marches would become a watershed moment that led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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- It guarantees the right to vote for all U.S. citizens regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

- With this amendment in place and a Republican Congress in charge of Reconstruction and committed to improving the condition of the freedmen, the level of black electoral participation