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Who he was: Italian artist, scientist, and inventor.
Major contribution: Painted The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, designed early machines.
Why he matters: Represented the Renaissance ideal of a “universal man.”
Quote: “Learning never exhausts the mind.”

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Who he was: Italian sculptor, painter, and architect.
Major contribution: Created David and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Why he matters: He showed human beauty and emotion in art.

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Statue of David or Sistine Chapel ceiling

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Who he was: Italian writer and political thinker.
Major contribution: Wrote The Prince, about leadership and power.
Why he matters: Shaped modern political ideas.
Quote: “It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.”

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Who he was: English playwright and poet.
Major contribution: Wrote Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.
Why he matters: Revolutionized drama and English literature.
Quote: “All the world’s a stage.”

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Who he was: German monk and theologian.
Major contribution: Wrote the 95 Theses, challenging Church corruption.
Why he matters: He started the Protestant Reformation.
Quote: “Here I stand; I can do no other.”

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Who he was: French Protestant leader and theologian.
Major contribution: Founded Calvinism, promoting predestination.
Why he matters: Influenced Protestant churches across Europe.

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king henry vllll Portrait of royal robes

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Who he was: King of England.
Major contribution: Created the Church of England after breaking from Rome.
Why he matters: His actions caused the English Reformation.

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Who she was: Queen of England and daughter of Henry VIII.
Major contribution: Unified England under the Anglican Church.
Why she matters: She strengthened England politically and religiously.
Quote: “I have the heart and stomach of a king.”