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1.What are the primary sources that shape Islamic ethics of war, and how do they emphasize the protection of the weak during conflicts?

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1.What are the primary sources that shape Islamic ethics of war, and how do they emphasize the protection of the weak during conflicts?

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2. Explain the distinction between the terms "jihad" and "qital" in the Qur’an, providing examples from specific verses mentioned in the text.

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2. Explain the distinction between the terms "jihad" and "qital" in the Qur’an, providing examples from specific verses mentioned in the text.

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3. According to Islamic teachings, what categories of people must be protected during war, and why are wounded enemy warriors included in this group?

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3. According to Islamic teachings, what categories of people must be protected during war, and why are wounded enemy warriors included in this group?

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4. How does the Qur’an justify defensive war, and what limitations does it place on aggression, as illustrated in verses like 2:190–192? 

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4. How does the Qur’an justify defensive war, and what limitations does it place on aggression, as illustrated in verses like 2:190–192? 

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5. Describe the concepts of greater jihad and lesser jihad, and discuss how modern interpretations, such as those by extremists, deviate from traditional understandings.

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5. Describe the concepts of greater jihad and lesser jihad, and discuss how modern interpretations, such as those by extremists, deviate from traditional understandings.