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The violence theory primarily highlights, how harm can not only be caused by physical means. Moreover, this is done through structural violence as it basically emphasis that the policies, and society systems create harm to others, and cause inequality too (Galtung, 1969 & Kent, 2008). In addition, there is also symbolic violence, as in society stereotypes and norms with one’s culture, backgrounds, and will lead certain people and groups who don’t adhere to the social norm to be excluded and be marginalized from society (Galtung, 1969 & Kent, 2008).

The theory of violence can mainly be applied to the Indigenous people of Australia, which illustrates the numerous factors that cause their marginalization and social exclusion over the years. Moreover, this can be mainly attributed to the inclusion of various policies which results inequality, limited opportunities in life, and restrict access to essential resources (Galtung, 1969 & Kent, 2008). Furthermore, it causes the indigenous people of Australia to have quality of life that is significantly worse than the rest of society (Galtung, 1969 & Kent, 2008). As well as stereotypes with their culture, background forcing the majority of Indigenous Australians to adhere to the social norms that they are expected to follow (Galtung, 1969 & Kent, 2008).

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Through this approach, we will be focusing on creating, and changing existing policies to remove the various systemic barriers, and inequalities indigenous people face within our society. With the overall goal of being able to provide indigenous people of Australia with more opportunities, and services to lead a better life with the rest of society.

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This will be done by raising and bringing awareness to the many issues, and challenges in which the indigenous people of Australia face, and as well as being a voice and advocating for change. Overall, the main aim through this approach is to get the indigenous population involved in what goes on in our society, better access to essential support services, education, jobs, and more.

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The theory in itself is basically an political, and economic beliefs which mainly emphasizes and argues for government intervention to be reduced, establishing free markets, and capitalism too (Vallier, 2021). Overall, in a nutshell the theory is mainly highlighting on the grounds of the ideology of economic efficient, growth, and our owns freedoms through free markets (Vallier, 2021).

The theory of neoliberalism can be applied to the indigenous people of Australia, as it highlights the the belief of polices which are trailed to one taking responsibly, free markets, no government intervention, and more have overall caused essential services support services (healthcare, education, etc) being limited and cut off to the indigenous people (Hunter & Fellow, 2008 & Vallier, 2021). Which thus causes indigenous people not being able to access these services, and inequality (Hunter & Fellow, 2008 & Vallier, 2021).

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4) Application of Theories and Concepts:

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4) Application of Theories and Concepts:

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The social exclusion theory mainly emphasizes, how various groups and certain people within our society, are left out of key things such as healthcare, jobs, education, and more which overall shape the world we live in (Walker, 2020). In addition it also leads to these groups, and people being able to take part in societies activities, which also creates disadvantage and inequality (Walker, 2020).

The Theory of Social Exclusion can be applied to the indigenous people in Australia, as it primarily helps comprehend how they excluded from various areas within in society such as education, healthcare, employment, and more (Walker, 2020 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008). Furthermore, these factors can mainly be attributed by the various systemic barriers, and social structures put in place, which limit there access to essential resources, support services, and able to gain opportunities (Walker, 2020 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008). In addition, it also leaves them to be marginalized as they have voice, and influence on what goes on in society (Hunter & Fellow, 2008).

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There are several significant educational negative barriers, and impacts which many indigenous people across Australia. For instance, this can be mainly depicted with only 66.8% of indigenous students who have completed year 12, when compared to the students who are not an indigenous Australians have a high rate of completing year 12 at 89.1% (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008). From these statistics, it is primarily depicted that these numbers are cause by several things such as the lack of resources, being in remote areas away from urban cities, and discrimination (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008).  Which overall, limits there access to the quality of education they can get, and pathways for future university and employment too (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008).

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There are various Impacts on Employment which significant affect the indigenous people of Australia. Moreover, this can be mainly attributed to the unemployment rate of many indigenous Australians across Australia which is 17.9%, which is stated to be “three times more than the national average” (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008). Furthermore, the reasons for these mainly influenced by the limited access to proper education, job training, discrimination and inequality which are present within the workforce that affect majority of indigenous Australians in our society (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008).

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There are various distinctive negative impacts that affect indigenous people of Australia from being able to get access and receive proper healthcare . This can be mainly attributed to the systemic barriers that are in place which prevent many indigenous communities, and people in Australia from being able to access healthcare, and support services (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008). Moreover, this can be mainly depicted from those who reside from remote areas of Australia who are far away from urban areas (cities) where these services mainly are, and discrimination also playing a heavy factor in this as it makes it harder for them to get the support and assistance they need (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024 & Hunter & Fellow, 2008).

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The Ongoing Challenges Indigenous People in Australia Face:

However, despite their rich history and background that they have, many indigenous communities across Australia face significant socio-economic problems which impact them. This is illustrated by them experiencing higher rates of employment, poorer health, and unemployment, compared to the rest of Australia and other communities (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024). In addition to this access to essential support services are significantly restricted, such as education, health, and housing (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024).

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The Historical Context:

Nevertheless, the historical context of the indigenous people within Australia can be mainly attributed to the European Colonization in which started 1788, which thus began many indigenous people being forced off their land and excluded from the rest of society (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022). Moreover, this causes many negative implications for the indigenous people of Australia, and led them to many disadvantages such as poverty, and health issues (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022). In addition to this, there were also policies introduced such as the “Stolen Generations”, which ripped apart many indigenous families and subjugated them to accepting the Europeans way of life (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022).

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1) What Social Excluded Group I am Doing?

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1) What Social Excluded Group I am Doing?

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For this assessment I will mainly focus on the Indigenous Australian communities who reside in Australia. As they are heavily socially excluded in society, because of notable discrimination and systemic barriers playing a significant role in this.

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Majority of the indigenous population and communities that reside within Australia, face significant challenges due to systemic barriers and discrimination. These issues have a long lasting negative impact on how they led their lives, and creates them to have various limited opportunities, and disadvantages too. These issues can mainly be attributed too..

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Introduction to the Indigenous people of Australia:

The indigenous communities across Australia, have a very significant and diverse history which sets the stage for the when the European colonisation had started. However, despite this they are still one of the most socially excluded groups within our society today (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024). Moreover, the overall indigenous communities who mainly reside in Australia, comprise of both the Torres Strait Islanders and the Aboriginal Australian peoples, and overall makes up a total of 3.2% of Australia’s entire total population (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024).Furthermore, both indigenous Australian communities have a very significant spiritual, and cultural connection Australia as a whole (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024). Moreover, they also have their own distinctive customs, language, and traditions in their backgrounds which are passed down over the years (Aboriginal Heritage Office, 2022 & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024).